Which of the following is best characterized by unauthorized modification of data before or during systems data entry ?->(Show Answer!)

1. Which of the following is best characterized by unauthorized modification of data before or during systems data entry

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MCQ-> Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below : Following are the conditions for selecting Systems Manager in an organisation : The candidate must - (i) be a graduate engineer, in IT, Computer Science, Electronics with at least 60 percent marks. (ii) be at least thirty years and not more than forty years as on 1.9.2009. (iii) have secured at least 40 per cent marks in the written examination. (iv) have secured at least 50 per cent marks in the selection interview. (v) have post quali cation work experience of at least ten years in the systems department of an organisation. In the case of a candidate who satis es all the conditions Except - (a) at (i) above, but has secured at least 60 per cent marks in ME IT or Computer Science, the case is to be referred to DGM-Systems. (b) at (v) above, but has post quali cation experience of at least ve years as Deputy Systems Manager, the case is to be referred to the GM-Systems. In each question below, details of one candidate are given. You have to take one of the following courses of action based on the information provided and the conditions and sub-conditions given above and mark the number of that course of action as your answer. You are not to assume anything else other than the information provided for each candidate. All these cases are given to you as on 1.9.2009.Mark answer a: if the candidate is to be selected. Mark answer b: if the candidate is not to be selected. Mark answer c: if the case is to be referred to DGM-Systems. Mark answer d: if the case is to be referred to GM-Systems. Mark answer e: it the data provided are not adequate to take a decision.Samir Ghosh was born on 25th May 1978. He has secured 65 percent marks in BE-IT in the year 1999. Since then he is working in the systems department of an organisation. He has secured 50 percent marks in both written examination and selection interview.
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MCQ-> Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations.Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies.Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community.By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another.There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers.Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self-reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region’s specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.Which of the following is same in meaning as the word ‘LIMITED TO’ as used in the passage?
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MCQ-> Read the passage carefully and answer the given questionsThe complexity of modern problems often precludes any one person from fully understanding them. Factors contributing to rising obesity levels, for example, include transportation systems and infrastructure, media, convenience foods, changing social norms, human biology and psychological factors. . . . The multidimensional or layered character of complex problems also undermines the principle of meritocracy: the idea that the ‘best person’ should be hired. There is no best person. When putting together an oncological research team, a biotech company such as Gilead or Genentech would not construct a multiple-choice test and hire the top scorers, or hire people whose resumes score highest according to some performance criteria. Instead, they would seek diversity. They would build a team of people who bring diverse knowledge bases, tools and analytic skills. . . .Believers in a meritocracy might grant that teams ought to be diverse but then argue that meritocratic principles should apply within each category. Thus the team should consist of the ‘best’ mathematicians, the ‘best’ oncologists, and the ‘best’ biostatisticians from within the pool. That position suffers from a similar flaw. Even with a knowledge domain, no test or criteria applied to individuals will produce the best team. Each of these domains possesses such depth and breadth, that no test can exist. Consider the field of neuroscience. Upwards of 50,000 papers were published last year covering various techniques, domains of enquiry and levels of analysis, ranging from molecules and synapses up through networks of neurons. Given that complexity, any attempt to rank a collection of neuroscientists from best to worst, as if they were competitors in the 50-metre butterfly, must fail. What could be true is that given a specific task and the composition of a particular team, one scientist would be more likely to contribute than another. Optimal hiring depends on context. Optimal teams will be diverse.Evidence for this claim can be seen in the way that papers and patents that combine diverse ideas tend to rank as high-impact. It can also be found in the structure of the so-called random decision forest, a state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithm. Random forests consist of ensembles of decision trees. If classifying pictures, each tree makes a vote: is that a picture of a fox or a dog? A weighted majority rules. Random forests can serve many ends. They can identify bank fraud and diseases, recommend ceiling fans and predict online dating behaviour. When building a forest, you do not select the best trees as they tend to make similar classifications. You want diversity. Programmers achieve that diversity by training each tree on different data, a technique known as bagging. They also boost the forest ‘cognitively’ by training trees on the hardest cases - those that the current forest gets wrong. This ensures even more diversity and accurate forests.Yet the fallacy of meritocracy persists. Corporations, non-profits, governments, universities and even preschools test, score and hire the ‘best’. This all but guarantees not creating the best team. Ranking people by common criteria produces homogeneity. . . . That’s not likely to lead to breakthroughs.Which of the following conditions, if true, would invalidate the passage’s main argument?
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MCQ-> Study the following information and answer the questions. Seven people, namely, A, B, C, D, E, F and G have an appointment but not necessarily in the same order, on seven different months (of the same year) namely January, February, April, June, August, October and December. Each of them also likes a different activity namely Drawing, Singing, Painting, Boxing, Karate, Craft and Running but not necessarily in the same order. The one who likes Craft has an appointment on one of the months before April. Only two people have an appointment between the one who likes craft and the one who likes painting. Only one person has an appointment between the one who likes painting and the one who likes running The one who likes running has an appointment in a month which has 31 days. Only three people have an appointment between the one who likes running and E. G has an appointment on one of the months before E. G does not have an appointment in the month which has the least number of days. Only three people have an appointment between G and C. Only one person has an appointment between C and the one who likes Karate. The one who likes Karate has an appointment before C. The one who likes singing has an appointment immediately before B. B has an appointment in a month which has less than 31 days. Only one person has an appointment between A and F. A has an appointment before F. Only one person has an appointment between F and the one who likes drawing.Who amongst the following has an appointment before the one who has an appointment in December ?
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