Modern Travancore [1729 - 1949]

*Earlier name of Travancore Kingdom 
Ans : Thrippappoor Swaroopam 
*The founder of Travancore Kingdom
Ans : AnizhamThirynal Marthanda Varma
*The kings known as Vanchibhoopathi 
Ans : Kings of Travancore 
*The Royal song of Travancore Kingdom 
Ans : Vancheesha Mangalam
*The Chief Ministers of Travancore were known as
Ans : Dalawa
*The granary of Travancore 
Ans : Nanchinad
*First written constitution of Travancore 
Ans : Chattavariyolakal 
*Chattavariyolakal were drafted by 
Ans : Colonel Munroe
*The Kings of Travancore were known as 
Ans : Sree Padmanabha Dasa
*India's First Legislative council was set upin
Ans : Travancore (1888)
*Mathilakam Grandhavali  is related to 
Ans : Travancore
*First princely state to establish a police wing
Ans : Travancore
*Chief deity of Travancore
Ans : Sri Padmanabha Swami
*Official Emblem of Travancore
Ans : Conch 

TIME WHEEL

*Anizham Thirunal
 Marthanda Varma 1729-1758
*Karthika Thirunal
  Rama Varma 1758-1798
*Avittam Thirunal
 Balarama Varma 1798-1810
*Rani Gouri Lakshmi Bai 1810-1815 
*Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 1815-1829 
*Swathi Thirunal 1829-1846
*Uthram Thirunal 1846-1860
*Ayilyam Thirunal 1860-1880
*Visakham Thirunal 1880-1885 
*SreeMoolam Thirunal 1885-1924 
*Rani Sethulakshmi Bai 1924-1931 
*Sree Chithira Thirunal
BalaramaVarma 1931-1949

ANIZHAM THIRUNAL MARTHANDA VARMA [1729 - 1758]

*The Founder of Modern Travancore
Ans : Anizham thirunal Marthanda Varma
*The King known as Asoka of Travancore'
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*The King who described himself prince of Neyyattinkara
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*Marthanda Varma used blood and iron policy to suppress the
Ans : Ettuveetil Pi lla is
*The capital of Travancore during the reign of Marthanda Varma
Ans : Kalkulam
*The trade capital of Marthanda Varma
Ans : Mavelikkara
*The king who renovated the Udayagiri fort
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*The Travancore king who built the Krishnapuram fort in Alappuzha
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*Marthanda Varma was born in - 1706
*Treaty of Venad - 1723
*Marthanda Varma became
the ruler of Travancore in - 1729
*Attingal was added to
Travancore in - 1730
*Battle of Golachel - 1741
*Treaty of Mannar - 1742
*Kilimanoor was captured in - 1742
*Battle of Purakkad - 1746
*Thrippadidanam - 1750
*Murajapam was celebrated
for the first time in - 1750
*Treaty of Mavelikkara - 1753
*Ambalappuzha War - 1754
*Marthanda Varma died in - 1758
*The king who added Kottarakkara to Travancore
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*The king who stopped Zamindari system in Travancore
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*The Budget system in Travancore was introduced by
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*Hiranyagarbham ceremony was started by
Ans : Marthanda Varma

THRIPPADIDANAM

*Marthanda Varma dedicated the kingdom of Travancore to Sri Padmanabha on 3rd January 1750 is known as
Ans : Thrippadidanam
*Later, the rulers of the Travancore were named 'Sri Padmanabhadasari' which means Servant of Padmanabha 
*'Bhadhradeepam' and 'Murajapam' were started in the Padmanabha Swami Temple by
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*Murajapam was held once in
Ans : 6 years
*Arumukhan Pillai, Thanu Pillai, Ramayyan Dalawa and Ayyappan Marthandan Pillai were the Diwans Of
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*The diwan who played an important role in the consolidation and expansion of the Travancore
Ans : Ramayyan Dalwa
*Prominent poets adored the court of Marthanda Varma
Ans : Kunjan Nambiar and Ramapurath Warrier
*'Ammachi Plavu' which is associated with Marthanda Varma is at 
Ans : Neyyattinkara
*Mannar treaty was signed between
Ans : Marthanda Varma and King of Kayamkulam
*Venad Treaty was signed between
Ans : Marthanda Varma and Alexander Ormi
*Mavelikkara Treaty was signed between
Ans : Marthanda Varma and the Dutch Army   
*The battle in which Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch
Ans : Colachel war 
*Colachel war was held on
Ans : August 10,1741
*The Dutch army chief defeated by Marthanda Varma
Ans : D'Lannoy
*Captain D'Lannoy was known as
Ans : Valya Kappithan
*The crematorium of Captain D'Lannoy is at
Ans : Udayagiri fort at Thakkala
*The war which caused the end of supremacy of Dutch in India
Ans : Colachel war

KARTHIKA THIRUNAL RAMA VARMA [1758-1798]

*Karthika Thirunal was born in -1724  
*Suchindram Treaty -1762
*Second Thrippadidanam -1766  
*Capital shifted to Thiruvananthapuram-1790
*Dharmaraja died in -1798
*Karthika Thirunal Ramavarma was otherwise known as
Ans : Dharma Raja
*Longest serving ruler of Travancore (40  years)
Ans : Karthika Thirunal
*Travancore was known as 'Dharmarajyam' during the reign of
Ans : Karthika Thirunal
*Karthika Thirunal was the contemporary of 
Ans : Sakthan Tampuram of Kochi
*Second Thrippadidanam was made by
Ans : Karthika Thirunal
*The gold coin existed during the reign of Dharmaraja
Ans : Anantharayan panam
*The famous Nedumkotta (Thrissur district) was built by
Ans : Dharma Raja
*The king of Travancore who wrote Balaramabharatam
Ans : Dharma Raja
*The ruler who shifted the capital of Travancore from Padmanabhapuram to Thiruvananthapuram
Ans : Dharma Raja
*The Travancore king who built the East and West Forts in Thiruvananthapuram
Ans : Dharma Raja
*The Chief Ministers of Dharma Raja
Ans : Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai and Raja Kesava Das
*Attakkadas by Dharma Raja
*Subhadrapaharanam
*Rajasooyam
*Kalyana Sougandhikam
*Panchali Swayamvaram
*Gandharva Vijayam  
*Narakasuravadham
*The diwan who reorganized Revenue department and developed the city of Varkkala
Ans : Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai 
*Suchindram Treaty was between 
Ans : Kochi and Travancore

RAJA KESAVA DAS

*Real name of Raja Kesava Das
Ans : Kesava Pillai
*First Minister of Travancore to get the designation Diwan 
Ans : Raja Kesavadas
*The diwan known as 'Valiya Diwanji' 
Ans : Raja Kesavadas
*Alappuzha port and Chaiai Market were set up by
Raja Kesavadas
*The name 'Raja' was given to Kesavadas by  
Ans : Lord Mornington

AVITTAM THIRUNAL BALARAMAVARMA [1798-1810]

*The weakest Travancore ruler
Ans : Avittam Thirunal Balaramavarma 
*Diwan of Travancore during the reign of Avittam Thirunal 
Ans : Velu Thampi

VELU THAMPI DALAWA

 

*VeluThampi was born atThalakulam in 
Ans : 1765
*Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi was the original name of Veiu Thampi Dalawa  
Ans : Velu Thampi became the Diwan of Travancore in 
Ans : 1802
*Sucheendram Kaimukk was started by 
Ans : Veiu Thampi Dalawa 
*Mobile court and Hajoor Kachery at Koilam were started by 
Ans : Velu Thampi Dalawa  
*The slave market at Changanassery was started by
Ans : Velu Thampi Dalawa  
*Kundara Proclamation was issued by 
Ans : Velu Thampi Dalawa 
*Kundara Proclamation was on
Ans : January 11,1809 (Malayalam Era 984Makaraml)
*The termple which witnessed the Kundara Proclamation
Ans : Elamballoor Temple (Kollam)
*Velu Thampi committed suicide on 
Ans : April 29,1809
*Velu Thampi committed suicide at
Ans : Mannadi Temple (Pathanamthitta)  
*Velu Thampi Memorial is at 
Ans : Mannadi
*Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai became the Regent of Travancore in
Ans : 1815
*The Diwans of Travancore during the reign of Gouri Parvathi Bai
Ans : Sanku Pillai and Raman Menon 
*Primary education became compulsory during the reign of
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*The Travancore ruler who said "Education is the duty of Government"
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*The Travancore ruler who allowed everyone to tile the roofs of their houses
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*The practice of employment of labour for government work without payment of wages was stopped by 
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*The London Mission Society (L.M.S) was established in 1816 at Nagercoil under the patronage of
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvati Bhai 
*The ruler of Travancore who built Parvathi Puthanar, a canal which connects Veli and Kadinamkulam
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*The ruler of Travancore who established girls schools in Alappuzha and Kottayam
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai 
*During the reign of Gouri Lekshmi Bhai, C.M.S Press was established at Kottayam in 
Ans : 1821
*The Travancore ruler who gave permission for wearing gold ornaments to the common people
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai
*The Travancore ruler at the time of starting coffee cultivation
Ans : Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai

COLONEL MUNRO

*First English Diwan of Travancore
Ans : Colonel Munro
*First European Diwan of Travancore
Ans : Colonel Munro
*First non-Hindu Diwan of Travancore 
Ans : Colonel Munro
*The Diwan who made British model ruling in Travancore and started Secretariat system in Travancore
Ans : Colonel Munro
*Diwan of Travancore when slavery was abolished
Ans : Colonel Munro
*The Diwan who established Dewasom department in Travancore
Ans : Colonel Munro
*Modern judicial system and first Court in Travancore were introduced during his reign of
Ans : Colonel Munro
*The diwan of Travancore when Chattavariyolakal came into being
Ans : Colonel Munro
*The person behind the Kollam Conspiracy which aimed to kill colonel Munro in 1812
Ans : Ummini Thampi

SWATHITHIRUNAL RAMAVARMA [1829-1846]

*Swathi Thirunal became the ruler of Travancore in 
Ans : 1829
*The period known as Golden Age of Travancore
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*English Education in Travancore was introduced by 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*Travancore ruler who shifted Hajoor Kacheri from Kollam to Trivandrum 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*The Travancore ruler who popularised Mohinlyattam .
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*'Varnam', 'Padam' and Thillana' were introduced into Mohiniyattam by 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*The court poet of Swathi Thirunal 
Ans : Irayimman Thampi
*The Sucheendram Kaimukku was stopped by
Ans : Swathi Thirunal (1835)
*The Department of Engineering, Irrigation and Public Works Department in Travancore were started by
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*Travancore Police force was reorganized as Nair Brigade during the reign of
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*Kandan Menon was appointed the Huzoor Diwan Peshkar by 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*First English school in Travancore was set up in
Ans : 1834
*First census in Travancore was conducted during the reign of
Ans : Swathi Thirunal (1836)

MAJOR WORKS OF SWATHI THIRUNAL 

 
*Bhaktimanjari
*Syanandoorapura Varna Prabandam 
*Uthsava Varnana Prabandam  
*Kuchelopakhyanam
*Sree Padmanabha Satakam

UTHRAM THIRUNAL MARTHANDAVARMA [1846-1860]

*The ruler of Travancore at the time of first war of Indian Independence
Ans : Uthram Thirunal
*A girls school was opened at Trivandrum in 1859 during the reign of
Ans : Uthram Thirunal
*James Dara opened the first modern coir factory at Alappuzha during the reign of
Ans : Uthram Thirunal
*First post office in Travancore was opened in 1857 during the reign of
Ans : Uthram Thirunal
*Channar rebellion was held during reign of
Ans : Uthram Thirunal

AYILYAM THIRUNAL RAMAVARMA [1860-1880]

*Travancore got the status of 'Model India State' due to the progress and developments of Travancore during the reign of
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal 
*Ayilyam Thirunal got Kaizar-E-Hind from 
Ans : Queen Victoria of Britain 
*T.Madhava Rao was the Diwan of Travancore from 
Ans : 1857 to 1872 
*T.Madhava Rao got membership in the 'Order of the Indian Empire' from 
Ans : British Queen
*The Pandarapatta proclamation of 1865 was made by
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
*Magnacarta of Travancore Peasants
Ans : Pandarapatta proclamation
*Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamation (1867) was made by
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
*Kerala Secretariat building was constructed by
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
* The architect of Secretariat building which was built in 1869
Ans : Mr. William Barten
*Kerala Secretariat building was inaugurated on
Ans : August 23,1869
*A.R. Raja Raja Varma, Raja Ravi Varma and Kerala Varma Valiya Koyithampuran were the court members of
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
*The famous work 'Mayoora Sandesham' was written by
Ans : Kerala Varma Valiyakoyi Thampuran
*Vernacular language schools were started by
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
*First news paper banned in Travancore
Ans : Santhishtavadi
*The ruler who made an effort to get the model state status to Travancore 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal
*Travancore got the status of Model State during the reign of 
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal
*First Census in Travancore was conducted during the reign of 
Ans : Swathi Thirunal (1836)
*First systematic Census in Travancore   was conducted during the reign of 
Ans : Ayilyam Thirunal (1875)

VISAKHAM THIRUNAL RAMAVARMA [1880-1885]

*The king known as 'Scholar of Travancore' 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal First Indian Prince to be offered a seat in Viceroy's Executive Council Visakham Thirunal
*The Travancore king who reorganized law and order
Ans : Visakham Thirunal
*The king who encouraged agriculture in Travancore
Ans : Visakham Thirunal 
*The Travancore king who encouraged tapioca cultivation
*The Travancore king who started a High Court in Travancore
Ans : Visakham Thirunal
*First complete land survey in Travancore was conducted during the reign of 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal
*The Travancore king who sanctioned funds for educational institutions 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal 
*The famous Diwan of Visakham Thirunal 
Ans : Ramayyankar
*The Travancore ruler who developed the irrigation projects of Nanchinad 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal
*The Travancore ruler who constructed Nanchinad and Kothayar dams 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal
*The Travancore king who separated Police and Law and Justice 
Ans : Visakham Thirunal

SREEMOOLAM THIRUNAL RAMAVARMA [1885-1924]

*Sreemoolam Thirunal became the ruler of Travancore in 
Ans : 1885
*First Legislative Council of Travancore 
Ans : Sreemoolam Legislative Council 
*Sreemoolam Legislative Council was established on
Ans : March 30,1888
*Sreemoolam Legislative Council was established by
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal 
*First session of Sreemoolam Legislative Council was held at 
Ans : V.J.T. Hall 
*First Dalit member to the Sreemoolam Legislative Council 
Ans : Ayyankali 
*Janmi-Kudiyan Regulation was passed by 
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal (1896) 
*Sreemoolam Popular Assembly was formed in 
Ans : 1904 (with 88 members)
*First woman nominated in Sreemoolam Popular Assembly
Ans : Mary Poonen Lukose
*Primary education became free during the reign of
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal (1904)
*Government schools were opened to the boys and girls of untouchable communities during the reign of.
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal 
*Finger Print Bureau in Travancore was started by
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal 
*The Travancore King to whom the Malayan and Ezhava Memorials were submitted 
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal 
*Memorial Era was the period of 
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal
*Victoriya Memorial Hall in Travancore was built by
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal
*The Travancore king during the time of the  expel of Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishria Pillai
Ans : Sreemoolam Thirunal

RANI POORADOM THIRUNAL SETHULAKSH MI BAI [1924-1931]

*Polygamy, animal sacrifice and Devadasi System were abolished by 
Ans : Rani Sethulakshmi Bai 
*Nair Regulation Act of 1925 was passed by 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai 
*The Diwan of Rani Sethulakshmi Bai 
Ans : M.E. Watson
*Vaikom Sathyagraha was started on 30^ March 1924 during the reign of 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*National leader who visited Travancore in 1925 and called on Sethulekshmi Bhai to discuss the problems of untouchables Ans : Gandhiji
*All public roads were Opened to the all citizens of Travancore by
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*The Travancore ruler who broke the tradition of appointing upper caste Brahmins and Nalrs as Diwans 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*In 1929 Trivandrum town was electrified during the reign of 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*Sucheendram Satyagraha (in 1926) and Trippapoor Satyagraha were held during the reign of
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*Travancore ruler who constructed Neendakara bridge 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*Grama Panchayats in Travancore were formed by
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai
*Midday meal system was introduced by 
Ans : Sethulakshmi Bai

SREE CHITHIRA THIRUNAL BALARAMA VARMA [1931-1949]

*Last ruler of Travancore princely state 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma
*Nivarthana Agitation was held in Travancore was established during the reign of
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Travancore public service commission in 1936 was established during the reign of 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Travancore Public Transport was formed in 1938 at the time of
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Thiruvananthapuram Engineering College and Sree Chithra Art Gallery were set up by 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Travancore Rubber works, Kundara Clay factory and FACT were established by 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Pallivasal Hydro Electric Project was started by
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Travancore ruler who abolished the capital punishment
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*The famous Diwan of Sree Chithira Thirunal 
Ans : Sir C.P.Ramaswami Iyer 
*The person who tried to kill Sir C.P.Ramaswami Iyer
Ans : K.C.S. Mani
*Temple Entry proclamation was made by 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal (November 12,1936)
*First Travancore king who made a voyage 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*The king who started adulterate franchise in Travancore
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*Widow remarriage act was brought by 
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal
*The king who founded Thekkady wild life  sanctuary
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal
*First land mortgage bank was started by
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal
*The Travancore king during the period of Punnapra Vayalar strike
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal
*The Travancore king at the time of Indian independence
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal
*The statue of Sree Chithira Thirunal is installed at
Ans : Kerala University
*Radio station at Thiruvananthapuram was started by
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal (1943)
*Travancore Bank Limited, the precursor of State Bank of Travancore (1945) was started by
Ans : Sree Chithira Thirunal 
*The only Muslim Diwan in Travancore 
Ans : Muhammad Habeebulla 
*Last Diwan of Travancore 
Ans : P.G.N. Unnithan

KERALA HERITAGE FORTS IN KERALA

* The fort which was constructed by Dharmaraja to defend the attack of Tipu Sultan
Ans : Nedumkotta
*Udayagiri fort and Vattakottai were constructed by
Ans : Marthanda Varma
*First fort in India built by the Portuguese
Ans : Pallippuram fort (Manual fort)
*Bekal fort was built by
Ans : Shivappa Nayaka
*Biggest fort in Kerala
Ans : Bekal fort
*St.Angelo's fort was built by
Ans : Sir Francis D Almeida
*The fort built by Portuguese at Kodungalloor in 1524
Ans : Kottappuram fort 
*Kanhangadu fort was built by 
Ans : Somashekara Nayaka 
*Other name of Kanhangad fort 
Ans : Hosdurg fort