Why has the author referred to Rutherford in the passage? ?->(Show Answer!)

1. Why has the author referred to Rutherford in the passage?

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MCQ-> Analyze the following passage and provide appropriate answers for the questions that follow. The assumption of rationality puts an economist in a position to “explain” some features of market behavior, such as the dispersion of prices of psychophysically identical goods such as beer according to the amount spent on advertising them (no doubt, the fact that most beer is bought by individuals rather than as raw material by firms, which could be expected to be more rational than individuals, is part of the explanation.) Clearly something is wrong somewhere with the usual model of a competitive market with perfect information, for the virtually content less advertising cannot be considered as increasing the utility of beer in an obvious way. But if one can keep the assumption of rational actors, one need not get into the intellectual swamp of sentiment nor of preferences that depend on price. If one agrees, for example, that consumers use advertising as an index of the effort a producer will put into protecting its reputation and so as a predictor of quality control efforts, one can combine it with the standard mechanism and derive testable consequences from it. But why, logically speaking, does it not matter that any of us, with a few years’ training, could disprove the assumptions? It is for the same reason that the statistical mechanics of gases is not undermined when Rutherford teaches a lot of only moderately bright physicists to use X-ray diffraction to disprove the assumption that molecules are little hard elastic balls. The point is, departures that Rutherford teaches us to find from the mechanism built into statistical mechanics are small and hardly ever systematic at level of gases. Ignorance and error about the quality of beer is also, unlikely to be systematic at the level of the consumers’ beer market, though it would become systematic if buyers imposed quality control procedures on sellers in contracts of sale (as corporations very often do in their contracts with suppliers). So when we find beers that advertising can make the ignorance and error systematic at the level of markets, just as lasers with wavelengths resonant with the internal structures and sizes of molecules can make molecular motions in gases systematic. The interesting one is that virtually content-less advertising is nevertheless information to a rational actor.Which of the following statements would be the closest to the arguments in the passage?
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MCQ->Why has the author referred to Rutherford in the passage?....

MCQ-> Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow it:There are no Commandments in art and no easy axioms for art appreciation. “Do I like this?” is the question anyone should ask themselves at the moment of confrontation with the picture. But if “yes,” why “yes”? and if “no,” why “no”? The obvious direct emotional response is never simple, and ninety-nine times out of a hundred, the “yes” or “no” has nothing at all to do with the picture in its own right. “I don’t understand this poem” and “I don’t like this picture” are statements that tell us something about the speaker. That should be obvious, but in fact, such statements are offered as criticisms of art, as evidence against, not least because the ignorant, the lazy, or the plain confused are not likely to want to admit themselves as such. We hear a lot about the arrogance of the artist but nothing about the arrogance of the audience. The audience, who have given no thought to the medium or the method, will glance up, flick through, chatter over the opening chords, then snap their fingers and walk away like some monstrous Roman tyrant. This is not arrogance; of course, they can absorb in a few moments, and without any effort, the sum of the artist and the art.Admire me is the sub-text of so much of our looking; the demand put on art that it should reflect the reality of the viewer. The true painting, in its stubborn independence, cannot do this, except coincidentally. Its reality is imaginative not mundane.When the thick curtain of protection is taken away; protection of prejudice, protection of authority, protection of trivia, even the most familiar of paintings can begin to work its power. There are very few people who could manage an hour alone with the Mona Lisa. Our poor art-lover in his aesthetic laboratory has not succeeded in freeing himself from the protection of assumption. What he has found is that the painting objects to his lack of concentration; his failure to meet intensity with intensity. He still has not discovered anything about the painting, but the painting has discovered a lot about him. He is inadequate, and the painting has told him so.When you say “This work is boring/ pointless/silly/obscure/élitist etc.,” you might be right, because you are looking at a fad, or you might be wrong because the work falls so outside of the safety of your own experience that in order to keep your own world intact, you must deny the other world of the painting. This denial of imaginative experience happens at a deeper level than our affirmation of our daily world. Every day, in countless ways, you and I convince ourselves about ourselves. True art, when it happens to us, challenges the “I” that we are and you say, “This work has nothing to do with me.”Art is not a little bit of evolution that late-twentieth-century city dwellers can safely do without. Strictly, art does not belong to our evolutionary pattern at all. It has no biological necessity. Time taken up with it was time lost to hunting, gathering, mating, exploring, building, surviving, thriving. We say we have no time for art. If we say that art, all art. is no longer relevant to our lives, then we might at least risk the question “What has happened to our lives?” The usual question, “What has happened to art?” is too easy an escape route.A young man visits a critically acclaimed modern art exhibition in his city and finds that he doesn’t like any of the exhibits. If he were to share his experience with the author of the passage, which of the following is most likely to be the author’s response?
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MCQ-> Study the following information carefully and answer the question given below Following are the conditions for selecting Accounts Officer in the Organization The candidate must (i)be at least 21 yr and not more than 26 yr as on 1.11.2011 (ii)be a commerce graduate (B.com) with atleast 55% marks (iii)have work experience of at least 2 yr in the Accounts Department of an organization (iv)have secured at least 50% marks in the Selection process In the case of a candidate who fulfils all the conditions except (a)at (i)above but at least 21 yr old and not more than 28 yr old and has work experience of 5 yr as Accounts Assistant in an organization his/her case is to be referred to GM-Accounts (b)at (ii)above but has secured at least 50% marks graduation and has secured at least 55% marks in selection process his/her case is to be referred VP-Accounts.In each question below details of one candidate are provided You have to take one of the following courses of actions based on the conditions given above and the information provided in each question and mark the number of that course of action as your answer You are not to assume All these cases are given to you as on 1.11.2011 Give answer a:If the case is to be referred to GM-Accounts b:If the case is to be referred to VP-Accounts c:If the candidate is to be selected d:If the candidate is not to be selected e:If the data provided are inadequate to taken a decision Now read the information provided in each question and mark your answer accordinglyUmesh Choksi was born on 25th November, 1989 He has secured 60% aggregate marks in B.com and 65% mark in the Selection Process He has been working in the Accounts Department of an organization for the past 3 yr
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MCQ-> Study the following information carefully and answer the question given below: Following are the conditions for selecting Senior Manager General Banking in a bank: (i) have secured at least 60 percent marks in Std XII. (ii) have secured at least 55 percent marks in Graduation in any discipline (iii) have secured at least 60 percent marks in Post-graduate degree/diploma in Management/Economics/Statistics. (iv) be at least 25 years and not be more than 35 years as on 01.03.2010. (v) have post qualification work experience of at least 2 years as General Banking Officer in a bank. (vi) have secured at least 50 percent marks in written examination. (vii) have secured at least 40 percent marks in Personal Interview. In the case of a candidate who satisfies all the above conditions Except----- (a) at (iii) above but has secured at least 60 percent marks in CA or ICWA the case is to be referred to VP-Recruitment. (b) at (vii) above but have secured at least 65 percent marks in the written examination and at least 35 percent marks in the personal interview the case is to be referred to President Recruitment. In each question below are given details of one candidate You have to take one of the following courses of actions based on the information provided and the conditions and sub-conditions given above and mark the number of that course of action as your answer You are not to assume anything other than the information provided in each question All these cases are given to you as on 01.03.2010. Mark answer (a) if the data provided are inadequate to take a decision Mark answer (b) if the case is to be referred to VP- Recruitment Mark answer (c) if the case is to be referred to President Recruitment Mark answer (d) if the candidate is to be selected Mark answer (e) if the candidate is not to be selected.Kesav vora was born on 8th November 1978 He has secured 65 per cent marks in Std. XII and 60 per cent marks in Graduation He has secured 58 percent marks in M.A. Economics and 60 per cent marks in ICWA He has been working in a bank as generalist officer for the past two years after completing his education He has also secured 50 per cent marks in the written examination and 45 percent marks in personal interview.
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