1. In which year was the Mid-day Meals programme implemented?

Answer: 2004

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MCQ-> Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions: In every religion, culture and civilization feeding the poor and hungry is considered one of the most noble deeds. However such large scale feeding will require huge investment both in resources and time. A better alternative is to create conditions by which proper wholesome food is available to all the rural poor at affordable price. Getting this done will be the biggest charity.Our work with the rural poor in villages of Western Maharashtra has shown that most of these people are landless laborers. After working the whole day in the fields in scorching sun they come home in the evening and have to cook for the whole family. The cooking is done on the most primitive chulha (wood stove) which results in tremendous indoor air pollution. Many of them also have no electricity so they use primitive and polluting kerosene lamps. World Health Organization (WHO) data has shown that about 300,000 deaths/ year in India can be directly attributed to indoor air pollution in such -nuts. At the same time this pollution results in many respiratory ailments and these people spend close Rs. 200-400 per month on medical bills. Besides the pollution, rural poor also eat very poor diet. They eat  whatever is available daily at Public Distribution System (PDS) shops and most of the times these shops are out of rations. Thus they cook whatever is available. The hard work together with poor eating takes a heavy toll on their health. Besides this malnutrition also affects the physical and mental health of their children and may lead to creation of a whole generation of mentally challenged citizens. So I feel that the best way to provide adequate food for rural poor is by setting up rural restaurants on large scale. These restaurants will be similar to regular ones but for people below poverty line (BPL) they will provide meals at subsidized rates. These citizens will pay only Rs. 10 per meal and the rest, which is expected to be quite small, will come as a part of Government subsidy. With existing open market prices of vegetables and groceries average cost of simple meal for a family of four comes to Rs. 50 per meal or Rs. 12.50 per person per meal. If the PDS prices are taken for the groceries then the average cost will be Rs. 7.50 per person per meal. This makes the subsidy approximately Rs. 2.50 per person per meal only and hence quite small. The buying of meals could be by the use of UID (Aadhar) card by rural poor. The total cost should be Rs. 30 per day for three vegetarian meals of breakfast, lunch and dinner. The rural poor will get better nutrition and tasty food by eating  in these restaurants. Besides the time saved can be used for resting and other gainful activities like teaching children. Since the food will not be cooked in huts, this strategy will result in less pollution in rural households. This will be beneficial for their health. Besides, women's chores will be reduced drastically. Another advantage of eating in these restaurants will be increased social interaction of rural poor since this could also become a meeting place. Eating in restaurants will also require fewer utensils in house and hence less expenditure. For other things like hot water for bath, making tea, boiling milk and cooking on holidays some utensils and fuel will be required. Our Institute NARI has developed an extremely efficient and environment-friendly stove which provides simultaneously both light and heat for cooking and hence may provide the necessary functions. Providing reasonably priced wholesome food is the basic aim and program of Government of India (GOI). This is the basis of their much touted food security  program.However in 65years they have not been able to do so. Thus I feel a public private partnership can help in this. To help the restaurant owners the GOI or state Governments should provide them with soft loans and other line of credit for setting up such facilities. Corporate world can take this up as a part of their corporate social responsibility activity. Their participation will help ensure good quality restaurants and services. Besides the charitable work, this will also make good business sense. McDonald's-type restaurant systems for rural areas can be a good model to be set up for quality control both in terms of hygiene and in terms of quality of food material. However focus will be on availability of wholesome simple vegetarian food in these restaurants.More clientele (volumes) will make these restaurants economical. Existing models of dhabas, udipi type restaurants etc. can be used in this scheme. These restaurants may also be able to provide midday meals in rural schools. At present the midday meal program is faltering due to various reasons. Food coupons in western countries provide cheap food for poor. However quite a number of fast food restaurants in US do not accept them. Besides these coupons are most of the times used for non-food items, it will be mandatory for rural restaurants to accept payment via UID cards for BPL citizens. Existing soup kitchens, lagers and temple food are based on charity. For large scale rural use it should be based on good social enterprise  business model. Cooking food in these restaurants will also result in much more efficient use of energy since energy/ kg of food cooked in households is greater than that in restaurants. The main thing however will be to reduce drastically the food wastage In these restaurants. Rural restaurants can also be forced to use clean fuels like LPG or locally produced biomass-based liquid fuels. This strategy is very difficult to enforce for individual households. Large scale employment generation in rural areas may result because of this activity. With an average norm of 30 people employed/ 100-chair restaurant, this program has the potential of generating about 20 million jobs permanently in rural areas. Besides the infrastructure development in setting up restaurants and establishing the food chain etc will help the local farmers and will create huge wealth generation in these areas. In the long run this strategy may provide better food security for rural poor than the existing one which is based on cheap food availability in PDS - a system which is prone to corruption and leakage.In accordance with the view expressed by the writer of this article, what is the biggest charity ?
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MCQ->Let $$f(x) = a_0 + a_1 \mid x\mid +  a_2 \mid x\mid^2 + a_3 \mid x\mid^3$$, where $$a_0, a_1, a_2$$ and $$a_3$$ are constants. Which of the following statements is correct?...
MCQ->Statement: Provide mid-day meals to the children in primary schools to increase the number of students attending schools. Assumptions: Mid-day meals will attract the children to the schools. Those children who are otherwise deprived of good food will attend the schools.

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MCQ-> Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.Amrutananda was a well-known and rich landlord in his village. He and his wife were both cunning and extremely sly. They made a lot of money by cheating and ill-treating their labourers who worked in their fields. One day, a young man named Manikya came to Amrutananda. ask ing for work. Amrutananda was picas. antly surprised. No one ever wanted to work for him because of his reputation and here was someone wallking right into his house! Manikya’s next few words made him even happier. Manikya said, ‘1 will work for you for free. You need not pay me a salary, only give me a place to sleep, two sets of clothes and two meals a day.’ Amrutananda was filled with joy when he heard this and was about to agree. when Manikva added, ‘I have only one condition: I will tell you the truth always, but one day of the year I will lie to you.’ Amrutananda, who lied happily every day of the year. agreed to this odd condition. So Manikya joined him. He was a wonderful worker – hard – working and trustworthy. He was very honest and soon became Arnruta-nan da’s right hand man. A year went by. and because of Manikya’s hard work. Amrutananda had an excellent harvest. He and his wife Mandakini, decided to have a big feast to celebrate. They invited all their relatives and friends, who came from across the village and outside to participate in this celebration. Everyone was looking forward to the delicious feast being planned. On the morning of the feast, Amrutananda decided he would also give away some gifts to his relatives, just so that he could show-off. So he set off for the market in his cart. As soon as he was out of sight. Manikya went running to his mistress. Mandakini. He wept loudly and heat his chest. Then he tell on the floor sobbing, and announced, The master is dead.’ The cart overturned on the road. Our master has been flattened like a Chapatti” As soon as Amrutananda’s wife and relatives heard this, they started wailing. Manikva rushed out, saying he would bring hack the body, while everyone started pre• paring for the last rites. Manikya now went running to his master and said “Master! Your wile is dead. My kind, loving mistress is dead. A cobra bit her and she fell to the ground, as blue as the spring sky.- Amrutananda was stunned. His be loved Mandakini. his partner in all his schemes, was dead! He couldn’t believe it. He rushed back home shouting her name. Mandakini was weeping loudly, Sitting in the courtyard. When she saw her husband run in, she stopped mid — wail. and Amrutananda too, stood openmouthed and speechless. Then they fell into each other’s arms, unable to believe their eyes. At once they turned to Manikya, “What is the meaning of this. Manikya his master demanded in a stern voice. Manikya smiled. “Remember my condition, that I would Ile only once in a year? Well, I choose today. You *see what lies can do? They nearly destroyed your life. Now think about what happens to the people you lie to everyday. Saying this he walked out, leaving behind a stunned and ashamed landlord.Why didn’t anyone want to work for Amrutananda ?
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MCQ->Malnutrition makes the people less intelligent and less productive, Several programmes, schemes are launched to beat the hunger and/or malnutrition worldwide. Which of the following programmes can not be considered as one such programme? A. To encourage exclusive breast feeding B. Mid-day meals in schools C. Food for work programme D. Providing extra dose of polio drops...
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