______ means writing on the back of negotiable instrument for the purpose of negotiation. ?->(Show Answer!)

1. ______ means writing on the back of negotiable instrument for the purpose of negotiation.

Answer: endorsement

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MCQ-> DIRECTIONS for questions 24 to 50: Each of the five passages given below is followed by questions. For each question, choose the best answer.The World Trade Organisation (WTO) was created in the early 1990s as a component of the Uruguay Round negotiation. However, it could have been negotiated as part of the Tokyo Round of the 1970s, since that negotiation was an attempt at a 'constitutional reform' of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Or it could have been put off to the future, as the US government wanted. What factors led to the creation of the WTO in the early 1990s?One factor was the pattern of multilateral bargaining that developed late in the Uruguay Round. Like all complex international agreements, the WTO was a product of a series of trade-offs between principal actors and groups. For the United States, which did not want a new Organisation, the dispute settlement part of the WTO package achieved its longstanding goal of a more effective and more legal dispute settlement system. For the Europeans, who by the 1990s had come to view GATT dispute settlement less in political terms and more as a regime of legal obligations, the WTO package was acceptable as a means to discipline the resort to unilateral measures by the United States. Countries like Canada and other middle and smaller trading partners were attracted by the expansion of a rules-based system and by the symbolic value of a trade Organisation, both of which inherently support the weak against the strong. The developing countries were attracted due to the provisions banning unilateral measures. Finally, and perhaps most important, many countries at the Uruguay Round came to put a higher priority on the export gains than on the import losses that the negotiation would produce, and they came to associate the WTO and a rules-based system with those gains. This reasoning - replicated in many countries - was contained in U.S. Ambassador Kantor's defence of the WTO, and it amounted to a recognition that international trade and its benefits cannot be enjoyed unless trading nations accept the discipline of a negotiated rules-based environment.A second factor in the creation of the WTO was pressure from lawyers and the legal process. The dispute settlement system of the WTO was seen as a victory of legalists over pragmatists but the matter went deeper than that. The GATT, and the WTO, are contract organisations based on rules, and it is inevitable that an Organisation created to further rules will in turn be influenced by the legal process. Robert Hudec has written of the 'momentum of legal development', but what is this precisely? Legal development can be defined as promotion of the technical legal values of consistency, clarity (or, certainty) and effectiveness; these are values that those responsible for administering any legal system will seek to maximise. As it played out in the WTO, consistency meant integrating under one roof the whole lot of separate agreements signed under GATT auspices; clarity meant removing ambiguities about the powers of contracting parties to make certain decisions or to undertake waivers; and effectiveness meant eliminating exceptions arising out of grandfather-rights and resolving defects in dispute settlement procedures and institutional provisions. Concern for these values is inherent in any rules-based system of co-operation, since without these values rules would be meaningless in the first place. Rules, therefore, create their own incentive for fulfilment.The momentum of legal development has occurred in other institutions besides the GATT, most notably in the European Union (EU). Over the past two decades the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has consistently rendered decisions that have expanded incrementally the EU's internal market, in which the doctrine of 'mutual recognition' handed down in the case Cassis de Dijon in 1979 was a key turning point. The Court is now widely recognised as a major player in European integration, even though arguably such a strong role was not originally envisaged in the Treaty of Rome, which initiated the current European Union. One means the Court used to expand integration was the 'teleological method of interpretation', whereby the actions of member states were evaluated against 'the accomplishment of the most elementary community goals set forth in the Preamble to the [Rome] treaty'. The teleological method represents an effort to keep current policies consistent with stated goals, and it is analogous to the effort in GATT to keep contracting party trade practices consistent with stated rules. In both cases legal concerns and procedures are an independent force for further cooperation.In large part the WTO was an exercise in consolidation. In the context of a trade negotiation that created a near- revolutionary expansion of international trade rules, the formation of the WTO was a deeply conservative act needed to ensure that the benefits of the new rules would not be lost. The WTO was all about institutional structure and dispute settlement: these are the concerns of conservatives and not revolutionaries, which is why lawyers and legalists took the lead on these issues. The WTO codified the GATT institutional practice that had developed by custom over three decades, and it incorporated a new dispute settlement system that was necessary to keep both old and new rules from becoming a sham. Both the international structure and the dispute settlement system were necessary to preserve and enhance the integrity of the multilateral trade regime that had been built incrementally from the 1940s to the 1990s.What could be the closest reason why the WTO was not formed in the 1970s?
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MCQ-> Following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.India is a very ______ country known for its cultural heritage,
traditions, civilization, religion and geographical features from the ______ time. On the other hand, it is also popular as a ______ chauvinistic nation. Today, women in India are given first priority however it was not the same always. They were ______ treated in the family and society. They were limited only to the household ______ or to fulfill the responsibilities of home and family members. They were kept totally unaware of their rights and own development. People of India used to call this country as "Bharat-Mata" however never realized the true meaning of it. Bharat-Mata means a ______ of every Indian whom we have to ______ and care for always. Women constitute ______ power of the country so in order to make this ______ a fully powerful country, women empowerment is very ______.India is a very ______ country known for its cultural heritage,
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MCQ-> In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.Home is The first place of education and parents are ______
teacher in everyone’s life. In our childhood, we get first impression of education from our home especially form our mother. Our parents let us know the importance of ______ education in the life. When we become three or four years old, we sent to the school for the proper, regular and ______ study where we have to give many exams and then we get a pass certificate for one class. Slowly we ______ ahead by passing our one by one class until we get passed successfully till 12th standard. Then start preparations for getting admission to the technical or professional degree which is called as ______ study. Higher study is very necessary for all to get good and ______ job in the life. We become a well educated person in the life by the efforts of our parents and teachers. They are real well wishers of us who helps us in ______ our life towards success. Now-a-days, many governmental programmes have been implemented to ______ the education system so that everyone may get ______ to the proper education. Lots of advertisements are shown on the TV and news to make people aware of the advantages and importance of education especially in the rural areas as people in ______ or rural areas do not want to study because of poorness and improper understating towards the education.The first place of education and parents are ______
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MCQ-> In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.Rice and wheat ______ much carbohydrate
which is quite ______ for energy. But more of rice and wheat and ______ of vegetables and fruit is not a balanced diet. Vegetables and fruit contain nutrients like vitamins, calcium, iron, phosphorus, folic acid, iodine, magnesium, zinc etc. Green leafy vegetables contain a lot of nutrients, especially calcium and iron. We ______ take one type of green leafy vegetable every day. Spinach is quite good for health. The cereals such as Bengal-gram, beans, black-gram, horse-gram, maize, millet, raga, red- gram etc., contain ______ protein which is essential for our ______. Iron and calcium contribute to healthy bones. Asafoetida ______ gas from the stomach. Cabbage, carrot and cluster-beans contain fibrous substance which gives a person ______ from constipation. Cucumber, horse radish, lady’s finger, potato, tomato, snake-gourd etc. should ______ a place in our food items often. ______ fruits are good for health. Many of us do not have the habit of eating fruits. This is very bad. Taking orange, apple, plantain, grapes etc. will keep us healthy.Rice and wheat ______ much carbohydrate
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MCQ-> In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives. Feminism refers to a broad range of ideas, Approaches, and ______ directed towards
advocating for ______ equality for ______. Feminism is a movement that seek to achieve equality and social rights for women in all key areas which includes education, personal, economic, employment, and cultural sphere of human endeavours. Activists of the feminist movements have used social and political theories to ______ for women's rights and freedom where sexuality and gender-based political thinking have created ______ for the womenfolk in the society. The feminist movements have also campaigned for the ______ of the girl-child and women from sexual harassment, rape and violence within the home. The campaigns and the activities of feminist activists over several centuries have greatly improved lots of women in several areas and in several societies. Feminist activists have successfully used campaigns for the rights of women to secure a broad range of ______ such as the right to vote and be voted for, the right to own property, the rights to equal pay or fair wages, the right to ______ public office, the right to enter legal contracts, and the right to have ______ leave and equal rights within marriage. Though feminist movements have achieved a lot for the womenfolk yet some categories of feminism continued to be criticized for being ______ and class-specific.Approaches, and ______ directed towards
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