*The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Canadian Constitution *The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in State List Ans : State Legislature *Total subjects included in State List Ans : 61 (originally 66)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN STATE LIST
*Local Self Government *Agriculture *Public Health & Sanitation * Liquor *Fisheries *Police *Panchayati Raj *Prison *Taxes on Agricultural. Income *State Public Service Commission *Land and Building Tax *Sales Tax *Public Transport *Irrigation
CONCURRENT LIST
*The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Australian Constitution *The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in Concurrent List Ans : Both Parliament and State Legislature *Total Subjects included in Concurrent List Ans : 52 (originally 47)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN CONCURRENT LIST
*Forests *Education *Weights and Measures *Price control *Marriage and divorce *Electricity *Trade unions *Law and Order *Trust and Trustees *Legal Procedures *Books and Stationery *Factories *Population control and Family planning *Protection of wild animals and birds *Economic and Social Planning *Criminal law and procedure *Press and News Paper *Charity and Charities
IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
1st AMENDMENT 1951
*Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution. *Land Reforms Act were brought. *This amendment provides restrictions to the right to freedom of speech and expression during emergency
7th AMENDMENT 1956
*State reorganisation act on linguistic basis was made possible. *Introduction of Union Territories *The post 'Raja Premukh' was stopped *The amendment to start new High Courts
9th AMENDMENT 1960
*To give effect to the transfer of certain territories to Pakistan
STATE LIST
*The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Canadian Constitution *The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in State List Ans : State Legislature *Total subjects included in State List Ans : 61 (originally 66)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN STATE LIST
*Local Self Government *Agriculture *Public Health & Sanitation * Liquor *Fisheries *Police *Panchayati Raj *Prison *Taxes on Agricultural. Income *State Public Service Commission *Land and Building Tax *Sales Tax *Public Transport *Irrigation
CONCURRENT LIST
*The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Australian Constitution *The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in Concurrent List Ans : Both Parliament and State Legislature *Total Subjects included in Concurrent List Ans : 52 (originally 47)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN CONCURRENT LIST
*Forests *Education *Weights and Measures *Price control *Marriage and divorce *Electricity *Trade unions *Law and Order *Trust and Trustees *Legal Procedures *Books and Stationery *Factories *Population control and Family planning *Protection of wild animals and birds *Economic and Social Planning *Criminal law and procedure *Press and News Paper *Charity and Charities
IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
1st AMENDMENT 1951
*Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution. *Land Reforms Act were brought. *This amendment provides restrictions to the right to freedom of speech and expression during emergency
7th AMENDMENT 1956
*State reorganisation act on linguistic basis was made possible. *Introduction of Union Territories *The post 'Raja Premukh' was stopped *The amendment to start new High Courts
9th AMENDMENT 1960
*To give effect to the transfer of certain territories to Pakistan
42nd AMENDMENT 1976 (MINI CONSTITUTION)
*The 42nd Amendment (1976) is popularly known as Ans : Mini Constitution *42nd Amendment was passed by the Parliament during the period of Ans : Indira Gandhi *42nd Amendment was enacted following the recommendations of Ans : Swaran Singh Committee *Socialist, Secular and Integrity were added to the preamble by Ans : 42nd Amendment *Ten fundamental duties were added in Ans : Part IV A *The tenure of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly was extended from Ans : 5 to 6 years *Part XIV-A was added to the constitution(Administrative Tribunals) by Ans : 42nd Amendment *The Amendment Act enabled the President to limit the operation of a National Emergency to a specified part of India Ans : 42nd Amendment *42nd Amendment shifted five subjects from the State list to the Concurrent list. They are (1)Education (2)Weights and Measures (3)Forests (4)Protection of wild animals and birds (5)Administration of justice *Provided that the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during a National Emergency
52nd AMENDMENT 1985
*Anti-Defection Law inserted into the Constitution in Article 101 *Added Tenth Schedule which deals with Anti Defection Law
53RD AMENDMENT 1986
*Mizoram became the 23rd State of India
55TH AMENDMENT 1987
*Arunachal Pradesh became the 24th State of India
56TH AMENDMENT 1987
*Goa became the 25th State of India
61st AMENDMENT 1989
*Reduced Voting age from 21 to 18 (Article 326) *Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during this amendment
65th AMENDMENT 1990
*National Commission for Scheduled Caste j and Scheduled Tribes were formed
69th AMENDMENT 1991
*Articles 239 AA and 239 AB were inserted and Delhi was made National Capital Territory of India
71st AMENDMENT 1992
*Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages got the official status *Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages are included in the Eighth schedule
73rd AMENDMENT 1992
*Part IX relating to panchayat was inserted in the constitution. *It also added the 11th schedule to the constitution *This amendment act is also known as Panchayati Raj Act.
74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992
*The 74th Constitutional Amendement act of 1992 came into force on Ans : 1st June 1993 *Twelfth schedule was included in the Constitution *Nagarapalika and Municipal Acts are known as 74th Amendment
77th AMENDMENT 1995
*It provides for reservation in promotions for SC/ST
78th AMENDMENT 1995
*Through this amendment land reform laws are included in the Ninth schedule so that they cannot be challenged before the Courts.
84th AMENDMENT 2000
*Extended the ban on readjustment of seats in the Lok sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies upto 202 *Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand states were formed
86th AMENDMENT 2002
*Made the elementry education a fundamental right. *Added a new article 21A which declare that ''the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all childern of the age of - 6 to 14 years
89th AMENDMENT 2003
*National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated
91st AMENDMENT 2003
*Restricted the size of Council of Ministers to 15% of total Legislative Members
92nd AMENDMENT 2003
*Bodo,Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were included in the Eighth schedule by providing official status
93rd AMENDMENT 2005
*Provided reservation for SC/ST and Other Backward Classes in government as well as in private educational institutions
95TH AMENDMENT 2009
*Extended the reservation of seats for SC and ST in the LOK Sabha and State Assemblies upto 2020
91TH AMENDMENT 2011
*The name of Orissa was changed to Odisha as per 1st Schedule *Substituted Odia for Oriya as per 8th Schedule
97TH AMENDMENT 2011
*The titile 'The Cooperative societies ' were included in part IXB *Cooperative Societies Act 2012 *Inserted articles 19 (1) C, 43 B
98th AMENDMENT 2012
*Article 371 J was inserted into the constitution *Separate provisions for Karnataka were added * Governor of Karnataka was authorised to form separate Development Board for Hyderabad Karnataka region.
99th AMENDMENT 2014
*The appointment of National Judicial Appointment Commission *It came into force on 31st December 2014 *The amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court on October 16, 2015
100th AMENDMENT 2015
*It came into force on 1st August 2015 (Bill passed by the Parliament on May 7,2015) *Exchange of certain enclave territories with Bangladesh consequent to signing of Land Boundary Agreement treaty between India and Bangladesh
101st AMENDMENT 2017
*Goods and Service tax(GST)
INTER PARLIAMENTARY UNION
*Inter- Parliamentary Union was established by Ans : Frederic Passy and William Randal Cremer *Inter- Parliamentary Union was established in Ans : 1889 *The headquarters of IPU is situated in Ans : Geneva *Inter Parliamentary Union is the international organisation that brings together the parliaments of Ans : Sovereign States *Total members in IPU Ans : 173 countries *India joined the Inter Parliamentary Union in Ans : 1949 *The President of the India Group of the IPU Ans : Lok Sabha Speaker *The Indian woman who was elected the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Council in 1999 Ans : Najma Heptullah (Berlin) *The council's 171st Session conferred on Mrs. Heptulla the title of the honorary president of the IPU council.
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