*The idea of constitution was originated in Ans : U.S.A *A Constitution is known as Ans : Law of land *The mother of Constitutions Ans : British Constitution *The mother of Parliament Ans : British Parliament *The oldest Constitution in the world Ans : Britain *The land of modern democracy Ans : Britain *The cradle of Democracy Ans : Greece *The home of Direct Democracy Ans : Switzerland *Apex law of a Nation is Ans : Constitution *British Parliament was described as the mother of Parliament by Ans : John Bright *The lengthiest written constitution in the World Ans : Indian constitution *The shortest and the oldest written constitution in the world Ans : American constitution *The Indian constitution is both Ans : Rigid and flexible *Constitution can be divided into two (a)Written Constitution (India, America) (b)Unwritten Constitution (Britain, Israel) *Father of Indian Constitution Ans : Dr. B.R. Ambedkar *Father of American Constitution Ans : James Madison
AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
*The nature of US Constitution Ans : Federal *US Constitution came into force in Ans : 1789 *Number of articles Ans : 7 *Amendments of US Constitution Ans : 27 *The fundamental rights of US Constitution Is called Ans : Bill of Rights *Indian Constitution mostly owes to Ans : Government of India Act 1935
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
The constitution of India was framed by the Ans : Constituent Assembly *Constituent Assembly was set up under the provisions of the Ans : Cabinet Mission *Cabinet Mission came to India from Ans : Britain *Cabinet Mission came to India on Ans : March 24,1946 *Aim of Cabinet Mission Ans : Helping Indians to frame a constitution by themselves *Members Ans : Lord Pethick Lawrance, Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander *Cabinet Mission report was published on Ans : May 16,1946 * The Cabinet Mission was sent to India by Ans : Clement Atlee *The Viceroy of India when the Cabinet Mission reached India Ans : Lord Wavell *Constituent Assembly was set upon Ans : December 6,1946 *The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held on Ans : December 9,1946 *The first person addressed to the constituent assembly Ans : Acharya J.B. Kripalani *The oldest member of the Constituent Assembly Ans : Sachidananda Sinha *The temporary chairman of constituent assembly Ans : Sachidananda Sinha . *Permanent Chairman ‘of the Constituent Assembly Ans : Dr. Rajendra Prasad *The Vice president of the constituent assembly Ans : Harendra Coomar Mukherjee (H.C.Mukherjee) *Constitutional advisor of the constituent assembly Ans : B.N. Rao *The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was attended by Ans : 207 members (including 9 women)
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MEMBERS
*Governor's province of British India Ans : 292 *Chief Commissioner's provinces - 4 *Indian princely states - 93 *Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the permanent president of the Constituent Assembly on Ans : December 11,1946 *Total strength of the Constituent Assembly fixed by the Cabinet Mission Ans : 389 *After the partition of India, the total members were reduced to Ans : 299 *Constituent Assembly was a partly elected and partly nominated body. *The number of women members in the constituent assembly Ans : 17 *Total number of Malayalee members of the Constituent Assembly Ans : 17 (3 women)
NO.OF MALAYALEES FROM THE PROVOINCES
9 - from Madras 6 - from Travancore 1 - from Kochi 1 - United Provinces
3 MALAYALEE WOMEN
1.Annie Mascarene 2.Ammu Swaminathan 3.Dakshayani Velayudhan *Dr. John Mathai Ans : Malayalee who represented United Provinces in the Constituent Assembly *Panampalli Govinda Menon Ans : Represented Kochi in the Constituent Assembly *Constituent Assembly was divided into Ans : 13 committees (as per PSC answer key. Correct -22) *The most important committee of the Constituent Assembly was Ans : The Drafting committee *Constituent Assembly worked in Ans : 3 phases *1st phase As Cabinet mission plan (December 6, 1946 - August 14,1947) *2nd phase As a sovereign body Provisional parliament (August 15, 1947 -November 26,1949) *3rd phase As Provisional Parliament (November 27, 1949 - March 1952)
DATES TO POINT OUT
*July 22,1947- Adopted National Flag *January 24, 1950 - Adopted National Anthem *January 24,1950 - Adopted National Song *January 26,1950 - Adopted National Emblem *January 28,1950- Supreme Court came into force
DRAFTING COMMITTEE
*The aim of setting up of drafting committee is Ans : To draft a constitution *The Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee on Ans : August 29,1947 *The chairman of the Drafting Committee Ans : Dr. B.R. Ambedkar *Draft Constitution was prepared by the Committee and submitted to the assembly, on Ans : November 4,1947 *The Constituent Assembly met for the first time as Legislative Assembly on Ans : November 17, 1947 *The Speaker of the first Legislative Assembly met on Nov 17, 1947 Ans : Dr. G.V. Mavlankar *The Constituent assembly adopted or enacted the constitution of India on Ans : November 26,1949 *The Constitution of India came into being or notified on Ans : January 26,1950 *The original Constitution consists of Ans : 395 Articles, 8 Schedules and 22 Parts
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES
HEAPS
*Fundamental Rights and Minority Committee - Sardar Vallabhai Patel *Provincial Constitution Committee -Sardar Vallabhai Patel *Union Constitution Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru *State Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru *Union Power Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru *Committee on the rule of Procedure -Dr.Rajendra Prasad *Finance and Staff Committee -Dr.Rajendra Prasad *Flag Committee - Dr.Rajendra Prasad *Adhoc Committee on National Flag -Dr.Rajendra Prasad *House Committee - B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya *Credential Committee - Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer *Minority Sub Committee - H.C.Mukherjee *Fundamental Rights Sub Committee -J.B.Kripalani *Order of Business Committee -K.M.Munshi *Language Committee - Moorthi Satyanarayanan
*The Republic day is observed on Ans : January 26 *Law day is observed on Ans : November 26 *Indian people observed the first Independence Day following the Purna Swaraj resolution passed at the Lahore Congress session on Ans : January 26,1930 *The total time taken by the Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution Ans : 2 year 11 months and 17 days (as per PSC answer; correct -18 days) *The final session of the Constituent Assembly was held on Ans : January 24, 1950 *Cover page of Indian Constitution was designed by Ans : Nandalal Bose *The draft of Indian constitution was prepared by Ans : B.N. Rao *Who put forward the idea of Constitution of India Ans : M.N. Roy *Which political party demanded for a separate constitution for India Ans : Swaraj Party *Which session of INC demanded for a separate constitution for India Ans : Faizapur session of 1937 (headed by Jawaharlal Nehru) *Demand for separate constitution for India was accepted by British Government through Ans : August Offer of 1940
DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
*Popularly known as Ans : Baba Saheb *Father of Indian Constitution *Architect of Indian Constitution *First Union Law Minister *Known as Modern Manu and Modern Buddha *Mahar Movement for the untouchable was formed by Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar *The political leader who attended all the three Round Table Conferences Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar *The publications like Mooknayak and Bahishkrit bharat were started by Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar *Independent Labour Party was founded by Dr. Ambedkar in Ans : 1936 *All India Scheduled Caste Federation was founded by Ambedkar in Ans : 1942 *People's Education Society was founded by Ambedkar in Ans : 1945 *Ambedkar followed Buddhism in Ans : 1956 *He described which Article as the heart and soul of Indian Constitution Ans : Article 32 *December 6, the death day of Ambedkar is now observed as Ans : Mahaparinirvan diwas *He got Bharath Ratna in 1990 posthumously *April 14, the birthday of Ambedkar is observed as Ans : Water Day *The coins released by the RBI in memory of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar in 2015 Ans : 10, 125 *"History cannot forget Dr.Ambedkar" are the words of Ans : Gandhiji *Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Memorial is situated at Ans : London
MEMBERS OF DRAFTING COMMITTEE
* Dr. B.R. Ambedkar * K.M. Munshi * Muhammed Saadullah * Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar * N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar * D.P. Khaitan (died in 1948 replaced by T.T. Krishnamachari) * B.L. Mitter (because of ill health, he was replaced by N. Madhava Rao)
THE PREAMBLE
The base of preamble was Ans : 'Objective resolution' The objective resolution which became the Preamble of Constitution was presented by Ans : Jawaharlal Nehru The objective resolution was presented on Ans : December 13,1946 *Preamble of India starts with Ans : "WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA" *The summary of the Constitution contains in Ans : The Preface *Idea of Preamble was borrowed from the constitution of Ans : USA *Preamble declares that the sovereignty or Supreme power in India belongs to the Ans : People * According to Preamble, India is a Sovereign - Socialist - Secular -Democratic - Republic *Sovereign - No external power candictate the Government of India *Socialist - Implies social and economic equality *Secular - The government respects all religions *Democratic - Election of Government by Universal adult franchise *Republic - Head of the State is elected directly or indirectly for a fixed tenure *Preamble is not enforceable in a court of law, so it is Ans : Non-justifiable
COMMENTS ABOUT PREAMBLE
*Preamble is the key to its makers Ans : Supreme Court *Identity card of the Constitution Ans : N.A. Palkhivala *Political Horoscope Ans : K.M. Munshi *Key to Constitution Ans : Earnest Barker *Heart and soul of Constitution Ans : Thakur das bhargava *Soul and key to the constitution Ans : Jawaharlal Nehru
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CONTROVERSIAL CASES ON
INDIAN PREAMBLE
1.Beeru - Bari case (1960) *The case held in 1960 stated that preamble is not a part of Constitution of India *Justice Gajendragadkar delivered the unanimous opinion of the Court. 2.Kesavananda Bharati case(1973) *It is the case between Kesavananda Bharathi V/s State of Kerala *Declared that preamble is the part of the constitution 3.Sajjan Singh V/s State of Rajasthan *Declared preamble is the sum and substance of Constitution *Justice - J.R.Mudholkar 4.Golaknath V/s State of Punjab *Declared preamble is the synopsis of these principles on which government has to work upon *Justice - Hidayatullah *The preamble of the Indian constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly on Ans : January 22,1947 *Only date mentioned in Indian preamble is Ans : November 26,1949 *The words Socialist, Secular and Unity were added to the Preamble by the Ans : 42nd Amendment 1976
BORROWED FROM
*Office of the Governor Ans : Government of India Act 1935 Ans : PSC *PSC-Government of India Act 1935 Ans : Federal Court *Government of India Act 1935 *Rule of Law - Britain *Parliamentary form of Government -Britain *Single Citizenship - Britain *Writ - Britain *Office of CAG - Britain *Bicameralism - Britain *Law Making Procedure - Britain *Fundamental Rights - USA *Preamble - USA *Impeachment of the President - USA *Judicial Review - USA *Functions of Vice President - USA *Supreme Court - USA *Union List - Canada *State List - Canada *Residuary Power - Canada *Governor - Canada *Federation with strong centre - Canada *Directive Principles of State Policy -Ireland *Presidential Election - Ireland *Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha - Ireland *Liberty, Equality and Fraternity - France *Republic- France *Fundamental duties - Russia *Five Year Plans - Russia *Concurrent List - Australia *Joint Sitting - Australia *Freedom of Trade and Commerce - Australia *Procedure established by Law - Japan *Emergency - Germany *Amendment of the Constitution - South Africa
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA UNIFICATION OF PRINCELY STATES
*Total princely states in India at the time of Indian Independence Ans : Around 565 *The man who ably handled the unification of India Ans : Sardar Vallabhai Patel *The Malayali who helped Patel in the unification of India was Ans : V.P. Menon *The Secretary to the States which was formed for the unification of princely states Ans : V.P. Menon *The three states which did not join the Indian union voluntarily Ans : Kashmir, Junagarh and Hyderabad *Kashmir was annexed to India through Ans : The Instrument of Accession *Junagarh was annexed to India through Ans : Referendum *Hyderabad was annexed to India by Army operation called Ans : Operation Polo
STATES REORGANISATION ACT
*The Commission appointed by the Government to examine state reorganisation on a linguistic basis Ans : S.K. Dhar in 1948 *The first Committee which did not recommend for reorganisation of states on linguistic basis Ans : S.K. Dhar Committee *The Congress Committee appointed in 1948 under Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya is known as Ans : JVP committee *The first linguistic state came into being Ans : Andhra Pradesh *Andhra Pradesh came into being on Ans : October 1,1953 *Andhra was formed after a 56 days of fast unto death of Ans : Potty Sriramalu
14 STATES AND 6 UNION TERRITORIES AS ON NOVEMBER 1ST,1956
*Andhra Pradesh *Assam *Bihar *Bombay *Jammu and Kashmir *Kerala *Madhya Pradesh *Madras State *Mysore State *Orissa *Punjab *Rajasthan *Uttar Pradesh *West Bengal
UNION TERRITORIES
*Himachal Pradesh *Andaman and Nicobar Islands *Delhi *Laccadive, Mirncoy and Amandivi islands *Manipur *Tripura *State reorganization on linguistic basis was recommended by Ans : Fazal Ali Commission *The state Re-organisation Act was passed in Ans : 1956 *After independence, 14 states and 6 Union Territories came into force on linguistic basis on Ans : November 1,1956
ARTICLES
*Article 1 - Name and Territory of the union *Article 3 - Alteration of areas, boundaries and name of existing states, formation of new states *Article 5-11- Citizenship *Article 13 - Judicial Review
RIGHT TO EQUALITY (14 TO 18)
*Article 14 - Equality before law *Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds, only of religion, race caste, sex or place of birth *Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment *Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability *Article 18 - Abolition of Titles
RIGHT TO FREEDOM (19-22)
Article 19 - deals with six fundamental freedoms of Indian citizenship Article 19(a)-freedom of Speech and expression (Freedom of press) Aitide 19(b)-To assemble peacefully without arms Article 20-Protection in respect of conviction for offence Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty Article 21A-Right to elementary education Article 22-Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention.
RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (23-24)
*Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour *Article 24 - Prohibits the employment of children below 14 years of age *Article 25-28- Right to freedom of Religion
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHT (29-30)
*Article 29 - Protection of Interests of minorities *Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. *Article 32 - Right to constitutional Remedies
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (36-51)
*Article 39A- Equal Justice and free legal aid to the poor
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