*The Panchayati Raj expert who participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha
Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta 
*The second Chief Minister of Gujarat 
Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta
*The three tier Panchayati Raj System consists of:
Ans : Grama Panchayat at the Village level Panchayat Samiti at the Block level Zila Parishad at the District level 
*As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee the Panchayat samiti should be an 
Ans : Executive body
*As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee the Zila -Parishad should be the
Ans : Advisory, co-ordinating and supervisory body
*As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, the chairman of the zila parishad is
Ans : The District Collector
*The recommendations of the Committee were accepted by the National Development Council in
Ans : January 1958
*First state to establish Panchayati Raj in India
Ans : Rajasthan
*Panchayati Raj system was inaugurated by
Ans : Jawahar Lal Nehru (on October 2,1959 in Nagur district)
*Second state in India and the first state in South India to introduce Panchayat Raj (1959)
Ans : Andhra Pradesh

ASHOK MEHTA COMMITTEE

*The Ashok Mehta Committee was appointed by the
Ans : Janata Government (Dec 1977)
*The Ashok Mehta Committee was headed by 
Ans : Ashok Mehta
*The prominent Malayalee member in Ashok Mehta Committee 
Ans : E.M.S
*The Committee known as Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions
Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee 
*The Ashok Mehta Committee submitted its report in
Ans : 1978
*The Committee which recommended that the 3 tier system should be replaced by the 2 tier system
Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee 
*The Committee recommended that the upper tier would be the
Ans : Zila Parishad (at the district level) 
*The Committee recommended that the lower tier should be the 
Ans : Mandal Panchayat 
*As per the recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee, the executive body responsible for planning at the district level 
Ans : Zila parishad
*The committee which recommended that seats in Panchayati Raj system for SCs and STs should be reserved on the basis of their population
Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee  
*The recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee was passed by the Lok Sabha on 
Ans : December 22,1992
*The recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee was passed by the Rajyasabha on
Ans : December 23,1992
*Finally it was introduced in Indian constitution through the 73rd constitutional amendment act of
1992and came into force in April 24,1993
*The amendment which added a new part (Part IX) and Article 243 to 243 'O' to the constitution of India
Ans : 73rd Amendement act

PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT

does not apply to the states of 
*Jammu and Kashmir
*Nagaland
*Meghalaya
*Mizoram

G.V.K Rao Committee

*The Committee followed the Ashok Mehta Committee for examining the existing administration structure of rural development
Ans : G.V.K Rao Committee (1985)
*An Administrative arrangement for rural development and poverty alleviation programmes appointed by the Planning Commission in 1985
Ans : G.V.K Rao Committee
*The Committee which recommended that Elections to the Panchayat Raj institutions should be held regularly
Ans : G.V.K Rao Committee

L.M. SINGHVI COMMITTEE (1986)

*L.M. Singhvi Committee was appointed by
Ans : Rajiv Gandhi government (1986)
*The committee appointed for revitalisation of Panchayati Raj Institutions for democracy and development
Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee
*The committee which recommended that Panchayati Raj institutions be given constitutional status, through adding a new chapter to the constitution of India
Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee
*The Committee best known for recommending the constitutional status for Panchayats
Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee
*The committee which recommended that villages should be reorganised to make Grama Panchayat more viable
Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee
*The committee which recommended that Nyaya Panchayats should be established for a cluster of village
Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee
*As. per the recommendations of Singhvi Committee, the embodiment of direct democracy is 
Ans : Grama Sabha

PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT

*Three tier system with Grama Panchayats at village level, Block Panchayat at intermediary level and Zila Panchayat at district level.
*All the members of the panchayats at the village, Intermediate and district levels shall be elected directly by the
Ans : People
*The President of Block and District Panchayats are indirectly elected from amongst the
Ans : Elected members
*The post of a Panchayati Raj Institution which is to be elected in the manner in which the state legislature decides
Ans : President of Grama Panchayat
*The Act provides for the reservation of seats for SCs and STs
*In Kerala, the reservation for women has been increased to half (50%) of total seats
*Kerala Panchayat Raj Act came into force on
Ans : April 23,1994
*Kerala Municipal Act came into force on
May 30,1994

■ GRAMA SABHA

*The foundation of Panchayati Raj system
Ans : Grama Sabha
*Article deals with Grama Sabha 
Ans : 243 A
*Grama Sabha is convened by
Ans : Ward Member
*Grama Sabha is convened once in 
Ans : Three months
*Grama Sabha is presided over by 
Ans : President
*Minimum quorum of Grama Sabha 
Ans : 1/10
*Grama Sabha is a permanent body

EMERGENCY

*The constitution of India provides three types of Emergencies:
(1)National Emergency (Article 352)
(2)State Emergency (Article 356)
(3)Financial Emergency (Article 360)
*The Part of the Consititution deals with Emergency
Ans : Part XVIII
*The President proclaims the Emergency on the basis of the written report received from
Ans : Central Cabinet

NATIONAL EMERGENCY (ARTICLE - 352)

*The National Emergency is declared by 
Ans : The President
*The nature of Emergency declared on rising out of Civil war, external aggression or armed rebellion
Ans : National Emergency 
*During the proclamation of emergency parliament shall have the power to make the laws
Ans : For the whole or any part of territory
*Articles deal with the suspension of provision of the Article 19 during the emergency
Ans : Article 358-359
*During the emergency,the state can suspend the fundamental rights conferred in 
Ans : Part III
*The proclamation of National Emergency by the President should be approved by both houses of the parliament with in 
Ans : One month
*If National Emergency is approved by special majority, it shall be continued for
Ans : Six months
*An Emergency can be extended to an indefinite period with the approval of the Parliament for
Ans : Every six months
*While a proclamation of National Emergency is in operation, the normal tenure of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies may be extended for
Ans : One year by an act of parliament
*The President can suspend the fundamental rights of citizens except
Ans : Article 20 and 21
*By the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, the term 'internal disturbance' was substituted by
Ans : 'Armed Rebellion'



*First National Emergency was declared by
Ans : Dr. S. Radha Krishnan (October 26, 1962)
*First National Emergency was declared due to
Ans : Chinese aggression
*First National Emergency was revoked by
Ans : Dr.Zakir Hussain (January 10, 1968)
*Second National Emergency was proclaimed by
Ans : V.V. Giri (December 3,1971)
*Second National Emergency was proclaimed due to
Ans : Indo-Pak war
*Third National Emergency (First Internal Emergency) was proclaimed by
Ans : Fakrudin Ali Ahmed (June 25, 1975)
*Third National Emergency was proclaimed due to
Ans : Internal disturbance
*The second and the third Emergencies were revoked by
Ans : B.D. Jetty (March 21, 1977)

STATE EMERGENCY (ARTICLE 356)

*Article deals with the State Emergency
Ans : 356
*State Emergency can be proclaimed by the
Ans : The President
*The Emergency proclaimed on the failure of the constitutional machinery in the state or failure to comply with or to give effect to the directions given by the Union
Ans : State Emergency
*A proclamation of President's rule must be approved by the parliament within
Ans : Two months by Simple majority
*The constitutional body for which the position, status, powers and functions remain same even during the State Emergency
Ans : State High Court
*President's rule can be extended to a maximum period of
Ans : Three years
*President's rule can be extended to a maximum period of three years subjected to the approval of the Parliament every
Ans : Six month
*At any time, the State Emergency can be revoked by
Ans : President
*For the first time, the President's rule was imposed on
Ans : Punjab (June 20,1951)
*The state which faced the longest duration of the President's rule
Ans : Punjab (1987 to 1992)
*The Emergency under Article 356 imposed for the first time (during vimochana samaram) in the state of Kerala on
Ans : July 31,1959
*The state in which President's rule implemented most number of times
Ans : Manipur (10 times)
*The Commission which was appointed by the Central government to inquire atrocities during internal emergency (1975)
Ans : Shah Commission

FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ARTICLE - 360)

*Article which deals with the Financial Emergency 
Ans : 360
*The Emergency which is proclaimed if there is a financial crisis in the country or in any part of the country
Ans : Financial Emergency 
*Financial Emergency declared by the President must be approved by the parliament within
Ans : 2 months by simple majority 
*The Emergency which does not require repeated Parliamentary approval for its continuation
Ans : Financial Emergency
*The Emergency which has never been declared so far in the country 
Ans : Financial Emergency
*The term 'Cabinet' was inserted in the constitution by Article
Ans : 352
*Who said - 'The cabinet is the Keystone of the political arch'
Ans : Lowel
*"The cabinet is the magnet of policy" are the words of
Ans : Barker

COMMISSIONS & BODIES FINANCE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 280)

*The Finance Commission of India came into existence in
Ans : 1951
*The Finance Commission of India was established under
Ans : Article 280 
*The Commission which defines the financial relations between the Centre and the State
Ans : Finance Commission 
*Finance Commission consists of a
Ans : Chairman and four other members
*Finance Commission is appointed for every 
Ans : Five years
* Finance Commission functions as a
Ans : Quasi-Judicial body
*The reports of the Finance Commission  lays before both the houses of the parliament by
Ans : The President
*Chairman of the first Finance Commission
Ans : K.C. Neogy (1951)
*First Malayalee to become a member of Finance Commission
Ans : V.P.Menon (1st Finance Commission)
*First Malayalee to become the Member Secretary' of Finance Commission
Ans : P.C. Mathew
*Chairman of 13th Finance Commission (2010-2015)
Ans : Vijay Kelkar
*Chairman of 14th Finance Commission (2015-2020)
Y.V. Reddy

PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 315-323)

*The Article and Part deals with Public Service Commission
Ans : Article 315 to 323, Part XIV
*The Union Public Service Commission was established on the recommendations of
Ans : Lee Commission (1924)
*The Union Public Service Commission was established on
Ans : October 1,1926
*Usually UPSC have 9 to 11 members (including Chairman)
*Present members in UPSC is 11 (including Chairman)
*Present members in Kerala state PSC-21 (Including Chairman)
*The Chairman and the members are appointed by
Ans : The President
*The term of Chairman and members - years or until they attain the age of 
Ans : 65 years
*The Chairman and the members of Public Service Commission are appointed under Article
Ans : 316
*The watchdog of the merit system in India
Ans : UPSC
*The expense of salary, allowance, pensions etc. of chairman and members of UPSC is met from
Ans : The consolidated fund of India
*The Chairman and the members of the UPSC and Joint state Public Service Commission are appointed and removed by
Ans : The President
*The Chairman and members of the state Public Service Commission are appointed by
Ans : The Governor of the state
*The Chairman and members of the state Public Service Commission are removed by
Ans : The President
*A member may be terminated either by
Ans : Resignation or removal
*If resigning, a UPSC member should address to
Ans : The President
*If resigning, a PSC member should address to the
Ans : Joint Commission, or the Governor
*The Headquarters of UPSC
Ans : Dholpur House (New Delhi)
*First UPSC Chairman
Ans : Sir Ross Barker
*First woman Chairperson of UPSC
Ans : Rose Milen Bathew
*First Indian Chairman of UPSC
Ans : H.K.Kripalani
*First Malayalee to become a member of UPSC  
Ans : Dr.K.G.Adiyodi
*Present Chairman of UPSC
Ans : David R. Syiemlieh
*First Chairman of Kerala PSC
Ans : E.K.Velayudhan
*Present Chairman of Kerala PSC 
Ans : M.K.Sakeer

THE ELECTION COMMISSION (Article 324)

*The Article deals with the Election Commission of India
Ans : Article 324
*The nature of Election Commission of India 
Ans : Permanent Constitutional Body 
*The Election Commission was established on 
Ans : January 25,1950
*National Voters Day is observed on 
Ans : January 25
*National Voters Day is observed since 
Ans : 2011
*The headquarters of Election Commission 
Ans : Nirvachan Sadan (New Delhi)
*The appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners shall be made by
Ans : The President
*The term of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners of India
Ans : 6 years or upto attain the age of 65 years
*The election commission was a single member body from
Ans : 1950 to Oct 15,1989 
*The present strength of Election Commission
Ans : 3 (1 Chief Election Commissioner  2 Election Commissioners)

UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE

*Article deals with Universal Adult Franchise 
Ans : 326
*The voting age was reduced to 18 years from 21 years
Ans : 1989
*The voting age was reduced to 18 years from 21 years by the
Ans : 61st amendment (1988)
*The Prime Minister who reduced the voting age
Ans : Rajiv Gandhi
*First Chief Election Commissioner of India
Ans : Sukumar Sen (1950 -1958) 
*First Malayalee to become the Chief Election Commissioner
Ans : T.N.Seshan
*Longest serving Chief Election Commissioner of India
Ans : K.V.K. Sundaram
*Shortest serving Chief Election Commissioner of India
Ans : V.S.Ramadevi
*First woman chief Election commissioner
Ans : S.Y.Khureshi
*The Present Chief Election Commissioner of India
Ans : Achal Kumar Jyothi
*The present strength of Election Commission was appointed since 
Ans : 1993
*The elections of Parliament, State Legislatures and also to the office of the President and Vice President are conducted by
Ans : Election Commission
*The Constitutional body responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls, recommendation of political parties and allotting symbols
Ans : Election Commission
*The Constitutional body which advises the President on question of disqualification of MPs in certain cases
Ans : Election Commission
*The qualification prescribed for members of Election Commission in the constitution 
Ans : No Prescribed Qualification
*The procedure for the removal of Chief Election Commissioner
Ans : Special majority in each house of the Parliament on the ground of proven misbehaviour or incapacity
*Chief Electoral Officer is appointed by the 
Ans : Election Commission of India
*Right to vote is a
Ans : Legal right
*In-charge of a Polling booth
Ans : Presiding Officer

NOTA

*NOTA stands for
Ans : 'None of the above'
*Even if most votes have been cast for the NOTA option, the candidate with the largest number of votes will be declared as the winner.
*First country to introduce NOTA
Ans : France
*First Asian country to introduce NOTA
Ans : Bangladesh
*The organisation which caused the introduction of NOTA in India
Ans : People's Union for Civil Liberties
*The People's Union for Civil Liberties is an NGO formed in India in 1976 by '
Ans : Jayaprakash Narayan
*The NOTA option was made mandatory by the Supreme Court of India on
Ans : September 27,2013
*The 14th Country to introduce NOTA
Ans : India

THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

*The idea of three generations of human rights was proposed by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak in 1979.

FIRST GENERATION

*First generation human rights is often called
Ans : Blue rights
*The generation deals essentially with liberty and participation in the political life
Ans : First Generation
*The generation of Human Rights which is fundamentally civil and political in nature
Ans : First Generation
*First generation rights include the right to life, equality before the law, freedom
of speech, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religion and voting rights.

SECOND GENERATION

*The generation which is fundamentally economic, social and cultural in nature
Ans : Second Generation
*Secondary rights would include a right to be employed in just and favourable condition, right to food, housing and health care, as well as social security and unemployment benefits

THIRD GENERATION

Third Generation includes:
*Group and collective rights
*Right to self-determination
*Right to economic and social development
*Right to a healthy environment
*The 15th Country to introduce NOTA 
Ans : Nepal
*NOTA was introduced in India in 
Ans : New Delhi
*The emblem of NOTA was designed by 
Ans : National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad

NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION

*The nature of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India
Ans : Autonomous statutory body
*First Chairman of the NHRC
Ans : Justice Ranganatha Mishra
*First Malayalee to become the Chairman of National Human Rights Commission
Ans : Justice K.G. Balakrishnan
*The present chairperson of Nationai Human Rights Commission
Ans : Justice H.L. Dattu
*NHRC act enacted on
Ans : September 28,1993
*NHRC came into force on
Ans : October 12,1993  
*The headquarters of NHRC is
Ans : Manav Adhikar Bhavan (New Delhi)
*Part which deals with the Human Rights
Ans : Part III
*The 'watchdog of human rights' in India
Ans : NHRC
*The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by
Ans : The President
*Including Chairman, NHRC consists of
Ans : 5 members
*NHRC Chairperson is a retired Chief Justice of
Ans : The Supreme Court of India
*The Chairman and members of the NHRC are removed by
Ans : The President
*The Chairman and members hold office for a term of
Ans : Five years or until they attain the age of 70 years

KERALA STATE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION

*The Kerala State Human Rights commission was constituted on
Ans : December 11,1998
*The Chairman of the State Human Right Commission shall be a retired Chief Justice of a
Ans : High Court
*The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall be appointed by
Ans : The Governor
*The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall be removed only by
Ans : The President
*Total number of members in SHRC including the Chairman
Ans : 3
*The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall hold office for a period of
Ans : 5 years or until the age of 70 years
*The first Chairman of the Kerala State Human Rights Commission
Ans : M.M. Pareed Pillai
* Present Chairman of the State Human Rights Commission
Ans : Justice J.B. Koshy
*The headquarters of Kerala State Human Rights Commission
Ans : Thiruvananthapuram

LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA

*The nature of Law Commission of India
Ans : Non-statutory body
*First Law Commission of Pre-Independent India was formed under the Chairmanship of
Ans : Lord Macaulay (in 1834)
*First Law Commission of Independent India was formed in
Ans : 1955
*The Chairman of first Law Commission was
Ans : Mr. M.C. Setalvad
*The Chairman of 20th Law Commission (2012-2015)
Ans : Justice A.P. Shah
*The Chairman of 21st Law Commission (2015 -2018)
Ans : Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan

CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION

*The main agency for preventing corruption in the Central Government
Ans : Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
*The nature of Central Vigilance Commission
Ans : Statutory Body
*CVC was established in
Ans : 1964
*Golden Jubilee of CVC was celebrated in
Ans : 2014
*CVC was established on the recommendation of the
Ans : Santhanam Committee
*Total number of members in CVC including Chairman
Ans : 3
*The Chairperson and members of the CVC are appointed by
Ans : The President of India
*The members of CVC hold office for a term of
Ans : Four years or until they attain the age of 65 years  
*The headquarters of the CVC is in
Ans : Satarkta Bhawan (New Delhi)
*First Vigilance Commissioner 
Ans : Nittor Srinivasa Rau 
*Present Vigilance Commissioner 
Ans : K.V. Chowdary

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN

*National Commission for Women was setup under the
Ans : National Commission for Women Act 1990
*National Commission for Women was setup on
Ans : January 31,1992
*National Commission for Women was setup as a
Ans : Statutory body
*Total number of members in National Commission for Women including Chairperson
Ans : 6
*Monthly news letter published by NCW 
Ans : Rashtra Mahila 
*Headquarters of NCW
Ans : Nirbhaya Bhavan (New Delhi) 
*The statutory body which examines all matters relating to the safeguard provided for women under the constitution and other laws
Ans : National Commission for Women
*First Chairperson of National Commission for Women
Ans : Jayanthi Patnaik
*The only Chairperson who served for two subsequent terms
Ans : Dr. Girija Vyas
*First male member in National Commission for Women
Ans : Alok Rawat
*Present Chairperson of NCW
Ans : Lalitha Kumaramangalam
*The Chairperson and the members shall hold office for a period Of
Ans : 3 years or tlll the age of 65 years
*Resignation of the Chairperson and members of the National Commission for Women is addressed to the
Ans : Central Government

KERALA WOMEN'S COMMISSION

*The Kerala Women's Commission act was passed on
Ans : December 1,1995
*The Kerala Women's Commission was constituted on
Ans : March 14,1996
*Total number of members in KWC including Chairperson
Ans : 5
*The term of office of Chairperson and members of the KWC
Ans : 5 years
*Publication of KWC
Ans : Sthree Sakthi
*Headquarters of KWC is located at
Ans : Thiruvananthapuram
*First Chairperson of Kerala Women's Commission
Ans : Sugatha Kumari 
*Present Chairperson of KWC 
Ans : M.C. Josephine
*The Immoral Traffic Act was passed in
Ans : 1956
*Dowry Prohibition Act came into force in
Ans : 1961
*Dowry Prohibition is mentioned in IPC in
Ans : 304 B, 498 A
*Domestic Violence Act was passed in
Ans : 2005
*Domestic Violence Act came into force in
Ans : October 26, 2006
*Child Marriage Prohibtion Act came into force in
Ans : 1860
*An Act to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications writings, paintings, figures etc
Ans : The Indecent Representation
of Women (Prohibition)
Act, 1986

WOMEN'S RESERVATION BILL

*The percentage of reservation proposed for women in the seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies in Women's Reservation Bill
Ans : 33%
*Women's Reservation Bill is otherwise known as
Ans : Constitution Amendment Bill
108
*The 110th and the 112th Constitutional Amendement bills were introduced in the Lok Sabha in 
Ans : 2009
The Women's Reservation bill seeks to amend Articles
Ans : 243-D and 243-T
*While the bills are pending in the parliament, most of the states including Kerala have passed the law and raised the reservation for women in local bodies from 33% to 50%
*Rajya Sabha Passed the Women's Reservation Bill on 
Ans : March 9,2010
*The Lok Sabha has not passed the Bill so far

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS (NCPCR)

*National Commission for protection of Child Rights Act was passed in 
Ans : 2005
*NCPCR, was set up in 
Ans : March 2007
*Total members of NCPCR including Chairperson and Member Secretary 
Ans : 8
*Each member should be from the fields of
(i)Education
(ii)Child Health care
(iii)Juvenile justice or care of marginalised children
(iv)Elimination of child labour or child in distress
(v)Child Psychology or Sociology
(vi)Laws relating to children
*The NCPCR gives protection and equal importance to the children below the age of 
Ans : 18 years
*The Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Youth in Naxal hit districts introduced by NCPCR
Ans : Bal Bandhu Scheme
*Fund for Bal Bandhu Scheme is met from the
Ans : Prime Minister's National  Relief fund
*First Chairperson of NCPCR
Ans : Prof.Shanta Sinha
*Present Chairperson of NCPCR
Ans : Stuti Narain Kacker
*Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act
Ans : 2012
*Commission for Protection of Child Rights (Amendment Act) passed in
Ans : 2006
*Juvenile Justice Act was passed in
Ans : 2000
*Juvenile Justice Act (Amendment Act)
Ans : 2006

KERALA STATE COMMISSION FOR PRTOTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS

*Kerala State Commission for Protection of Child Rights started functioning in
Ans : June, 2013
*Present Chairperson of Kerala State Commission for Protection of Child Rights
Ans : Shoba Koshy

RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT

*Right to Education Act (RTE), is an act of the Parliament of India enacted oh 
Ans : August 4, 2009
*Right to Education Act came into force on
Ans : April 1,2010
*The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 
Ans : 6 to 14 years
* The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children under Article
Ans : 21A
*Right to Education Act is applicable to all states except to the state of
Ans : Jammu & Kashmir
*As per Right to Education Act, elementary education means
Ans : 1st to 8th standard
*The article which gives a provision for free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen years within ten years of promulgation of the Constitution
Ans : Article 45

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES

*National Commission for Scheduled Tribes was established in
Ans : 2004
*The nature of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
Ans : Constitutional body
*The Article deals with National Commission for Scheduled castes
Ans : Article 338
*The Chairman and Members of NCSC are appointed by
Ans : The President
*Total number of members including Chairman in NCSC
Ans : 5
*The term of office of Chairman and each members of NCSC
Ans : 3 Years
*First Chairman of NCSC
Ans : Suraj Bhan
*Present Chairman of NCSC
Ans : Ram Shankar Katheria

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

*National Commission for Scheduled castes was established in
Ans : 2004
*The nature of National Commission for Scheduled castes
Ans : Constitutional body 
*The Article deals with National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Ans : Article 338A
*The Chairman and members of NCST are appointed by
Ans :  The President
*Total number of members including Chairman in NCST
Ans : 5
*The term of office of Chairman and each members of NCST
Article 338
Ans : 3 years
*First Chairman of NCST 
Ans : Kunwar Singh 
*Present Chairman of NCST 
Ans : Nandkumar Sai
*The Chairman of the Commission which was appointed to study the Scheduled Tribes of India
Ans : Virginius Xaxa

ATROCITIES AGAINST SC/ST

*Prevention of Atrocities Act was passed in
Ans : 1989
*Prevention of Atrocities Act came into force in
Ans : January 30,1990
*An offence committed under Prevention of Atrocities Act shall be investigated by a Police Officer not below the rank of
Ans : DySP
*Investigation to an offence under Prevention of Atrocities Act should be completed within
Ans : 30 days
*A person arrested for an offence under the SC/ST Act 1989 is not entitled to
Ans : Anticipatory Bail
*Minimum Punishment provided for various offences under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities Act)
Ans : 6 months
*The punishment for intentionally insulting a member of SC/ST is imprisonment for a period between
Ans : 6 months to 5 years
*The Article provides for a separate Minister for Tribal Welfare in the states of Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha 
Ans : 164

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR BACKWARD CLASSES

*National Commission for Backward Classes was established in
Ans : August 14,1993
*Nature of National Commission for Backward Classes
Ans : Statutory body
*Total members of National Commission for Backward Classes including Chairman
Ans : 5
*The term of office of Chairman and members of NCBC is 
Ans : 3 years
*First Chairman of National Commission for Backward Classes
Ans : R.N, Prasad
*Present Chairman of National Commission for Backward Classes
Ans : Justice V.Eswaraiah

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR MINORITIES

*National Commission for Minorities Act was passed in
Ans : 1992
*National Commission for Minorities Act came into force on 
Ans : May 17,1993
*National Commission for Minorities Act is applicable to all states in India except 
Ans : Jammu & Kashmir 
*The number of communities notified in the National Commission for Minorities Act 
Ans : 6
*Total number of members in the National Commission for Minorities including the Chairman
Ans : 7
*Minorities Rights Day is observed on 
Ans : December 18
*First Chairperson of National Commission for Minorities
Ans : Justice Muhammed Sadir Ali 
*Present Chairperson of National Commission for Minorities
Ans : Syed Ghayorul Hasan Rizvi

RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT

*Right to Information Act was passed by Parliament on
Ans : June 15,2005
*Right to Information Act came into force on
Ans : October 12, 2005
*The organisation which was instrumental in the passage of the RTI Act 
Ans : Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
*Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan was led by
Ans : Aruna Roy (others are Shankar Singh and Nikhil Dey)
*Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan was formed in
Ans : Rajasthan (1987)
*First country to pass the Right to  Information Act 
Ans : Sweden
*The headquarters of Central Information Commission
Ans : August Kranti Bhavan (New Delhi) 
*The predecessor of Right to Information 
Ans : Freedom of Information Act 2002

RTI ACT AND STATES

*Transparency, Accountability, openness to eliminate corruption are the main objectives of the 
Ans : RTI Act
*Central and State Information Commissions consist of a Chief Information Commissioner and not more than 10 Information Commissioners Central Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed by 
Ans : The President
*Central Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed on the recommendation of a committee consisting of:
(i)The Prime Minister
(ii)The leader of opposition in the Lok Sabha
(iii)A Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister
*The term of Central and State Information Commissioners
Ans : 5 years or until 65 years of age
*The oath of office of Central Chief Information Commissioner or an
*Information Commissioner will be administered before 
Ans : The President
*The salaries and allowances of Central Chief Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to
Ans : The Chief Election Commissioner
*An application to get an information under RTI act, should be given to the
Ans : Public Information Officer or Assistant Public Information Officer
* First state to pass RTI Act 
Ans : Tamil Nadu (1997)
* First state to issue non-bailabie arrest warrant to an officer who failed in giving proper reply
Ans : Arunachai Pradesh  
*First state in India to start seeking information on telephone
Ans : Uttar Pradesh
*Fee for getting information under RTI is 
Ans : Rs.10
*Fee for getting information under RTI to those people below poverty line 
Ans : No fee
*In normal case, the time limit prescribed for giving a reply to an application under RTI
Ans : 30 days
*If it is a matter of life or liberty of a person, the time limit prescribed for giving a reply to an application under RTI
Ans : 48 hours
*If the application is addressed to the Assistant Public Information Officer, the reply should be furnished to the applicant with in
Ans : 35 days
*Penalty for refusal to receive an application for information or for not providing Information is
Ans : Rs. 250/- per day
*Maximum penalty for refusal to receive an application for information or for not providing information should not exceed 
Ans : Rs. 25,000/-
*Information under RTI should be upto a maximum back years of 
Ans : 20 Years
*First Chief Information Commissioner of India was
Ans : Wajahat Habibullah
*First woman to become the Chief Information Commissioner of India
Ans : Deepak Sandhu
* Present Chief Information Commissioner of India
Ans : Radha Krishna Mathur
*The state which started its own RTI 
Ans : Jammu & Kashmir 
*Jammu & Kashmir passed the RTI on 
Ans : March 12,2009
*RTI Act in Jammu & Kashmir came into force on
Ans : March 20,2009

STATE INFORMATION COMMISSION

*The State Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed by
Ans : The Governor
*The State Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed on the recommendation of a committee consisting of
(i)The Chief Minister
(ii)The Leader of Opposition in the Legislative Assembly
(iii)A Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Chief Minister
*The oath of office of State Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner will be administered before the
Ans : Governor
*The resignation letter of State Chief/ Information Commissioners shall be addressed to
Ans : The Governor
*The term of State Chief/Information Commissioners
Ans : 5 years or until they attain the age of 65 years
*Kerala State Information Commission was formed on
Ans : December 19, 2005
*The salaries and allowances of State Chief Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to the
Ans : Election Commissioner State
*The salaries and allowances of State Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to the
Ans : Chief Secretary
*First Chief Information Commissioner of Kerala
Ans : Palat Mohandas
*Present Chief Information Commissioner of Kerala
Ans : Vinson.M. Paul

ORGANISATIONS EXEMPTED FROM RTI ACT

*Intelligence Bureau (IB)
*Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
*Central Economic Intelligence Bureau
*National Security Guard (NSG)
*Border Security Force (BSF)
*Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)
*Assam Rifles
*Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
*Sashastra Seema Bal
*Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
*Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
*Border Road Development Organisation
*National Technical Research Organisation
*National Security Council Secretariat
*Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
*Special Frontier Force
*Aviation Research Centre
*Narcotic Control Bureau
*Directorate of Enforcement

NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION

*The National Knowledge Commission was constituted on
Ans : June 13, 2005
*Total number of members in National Knowledge Commission including Chairman
Ans : 8
*It was a high power advisory committee to
Ans :  The Prime Minister
*National Knowledge Commission was discontinued in
Ans : July, 2014

SOCIAL AUDIT

*The process of reviewing official records by social auditor and determining whether state reported expenditures reflect the actual money spent on the ground is called
Ans : Social Audit
*As per the 73rd amendment of the constitution the social audit will be conducted by
Ans : Grama Sabha
*The popular national programme which has inbuilt mechanism for social Audit-
Ans : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
*The section of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 which stipulates the need of Social Audit
Ans : Section 17
*The state that holds credit for successful running of MNREGS due to social audit initiatives
Ans : Andhra Pradesh
*The concept of Social Audit was started by
Ans : Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
*Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan called the social audit as
Ans : People's Hearing (Jansunwai)
*First social Audit under MGNREGS in Kerala was carried out in
Ans : Vellamunda Grama Panchayat (Wayanad-2007)
*The initiative of Kerala Taxes Dept, to bring transparency through Social Audit 
Ans : Corruption Free Walayar

THREE LISTS OF CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

*The Schedule of Indian Constitution which provides the lists of Legislative Subjects 
Ans : VII
*Three lists of Legislative Subjects are :
(i)Union List
(ii)State List
(iii)Concurrent List

UNION LIST

*The idea of Union List was borrowed from 
Ans : Canadian Constitution 
*The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in Union List 
Ans : Parliament
*Total subjects included in Union List 
Ans : 100 (originally 97)
*The decisions on the subjects come under Union List is taken by
Ans : Union Government

IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN UNION LIST

*External Affairs
*Defence
*Railway
*Citizenship
*Post and Postal Savings 
*Census
*Banking
*Insurance
*Corporation Tax
*Lotteries
*UPSC
*CBI
*Taxes on income other than agriculture income
*Telecommunication
*Currency
*Foreign Exchange and money transfer
*Reserve Bank
*Election