*The device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically Ans : Computer *The term 'computer' is originated from the of Ans : Latin *The term computer is originated from the word Ans : Computerae *'Computerae' means Ans : To compute or calculate *The book which used the word 'computer' for the first time Ans : Yong Mans Gleanings *Yong Mans Gleanings was authored by Ans : Richard Braithwaite *The invention which is known as the beginning history of computer Ans : Abacus *Father of computer Ans : Charles Babbage *Autobiography of Charles Babbage Ans : A passage from the life of a philosopher *Main features of a computer Ans : Speed, Accuracy, Storage Diligence, Capacity and Versatility *The digital calculator invented by Blaise language pascal Ans : Pascaline (1642) *The person who invented Tabulator using punched card Ans : Herman Hollerith *The company founded by Herman Hollerith Ans : Tabulator Machine Company *Tabulator Machine Company was later came to be known as Ans : IBM (International Business Machine) *First computer programmer Ans : Ada Lovelace
ABACUS
*First counting machine Ans : Abacus *Abacus was mainly used for Ans : Addition and Subtraction *Abacus was invented in Ans : BC 2500 *Abacus was invented by the Ans : Chinese
*Father of Computer Ans : Charles Babbage *The outline of analytical engine was prepared for the first time by Ans : Charles Babbage *Father of computing age Ans : Wilhelm Schickard *Mechanic calculator was invented by Ans : Wilhelm Schickard *Father of Computer Science Ans : Alan Turing *Punch Card was invented by Ans : Herman Hollerith *Father of data processing Ans : Herman Hollerith *Father of Information Theory Ans : Claude Shannon *Father of electronic digital computer Ans : John Vincent *Father of internet Ans : Vinton Cerf *Father of information technology in India Ans : Rajiv Gandhi *Father of free software Ans : Richard Stallman *Father of Binary Code Ans : Eugene Paul Curtis *Father of personal computer Ans : Henry Roberts and Philip Don Estridge *Father of Super Computer Ans : Seymur Cray *Father of Indian Super Computer Ans : Vijay.P.Bhatkar *Father of video game Ans : Ralph Baer *Father of artificial intelligence Ans : John McCarthy *Abacus was invented by the Ans : Chinese *Father of WWW Ans : Tim Berners Lee *Father of E-mail Ans : Ray Tomlinson *Father of Computer Architecture Ans : John Von Neumann *Father of Compact Disc Ans : James T Russell *Father of Floppy Disc Ans : Alan Shugart *Father of Mouse Ans : Douglas Engelbert *Father of barcode reader Ans : Norman Joseph Woodland
JOHN NAPIER LOGARITHMS
*Logarithms was invented and published by Ans : John Napier (1614)] *The device called Napier's bone for mathematical calculation was invented by Ans : John Napier *John Napier was born in Ans : Scotland
DIGITAL CALCULATOR
*Digital calculator was invented by Ans : Blaise Pascal *The first mechanical digital calculator is called Ans : Pascaline
DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTICAL ENGINE
*Difference Engine was invented by Ans : Charles Babbage (1822) *In 1832 -1833 Charles Babbage designed Ans : Analytical Engine
AUGUSTA ADA
*First computer programmer Ans : Augusta Ada *Personal Assistant of Charles Babbage Ans : Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace
PUNCH CARD - HOLLERITH TABULATING MACHINE
*Punch card was developed by Ans : Herman Hollerith *The machine developed by Herman Hollerith using punch card Ans : Hollerith Tabulating Machine *The electronic tabulating system used in the census process in USA in 1890 Ans : Hollerith Tabulating Machine
FIRST GENERATION
*The language used by the first generation computers Ans : Machine Languages *Vacuum tubes were used as hardware in Ans : First Generation Computers *Vacuum tubes is also called as Ans : Valves
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
Generation Year Component Computer Models Language *First -1940-56 -Vacuum Tubes - UNIAC, ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC-Machine language *Second -1956-63 -Transistors - IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 1620, IBM 1401, IBM 650, IBM 7094 -Assembly language *Third - 1964 - 71 - IC chips - TDC - 316, IBM 370, IBM 360, PDP - 8 High Level language *Fourth - 1971-(At Present) - Micro Processor - DEC 10, STAR 1000, CRAY- 1 -VLSI *Fifth - Present and Future - Artificial Intelligence -LISP, PROLOG - ULSI
*Vacuum tube was invented by Ans : John.A. Fleming *First generation computer input was given through punched cards and output was displayed on Ans : Printout *First generation's operating system allowed only one program to run at a time and a number of jobs were grouped for processing; It was known as Ans : Batch processing *UNIAC - Universal Automatic Computer *EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator *EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic computer *ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator
SECOND GENERATION
*The language used by the second generation computers Ans : Assembly languages
TRANSISTOR WAS INVENTED BY
*William Shockley *John Berdeen *Walter Brattain *The hardware used by the second generation of computers Ans : Transistors *Second generation computers also used punched card for input and print out for output
THIRD GENERATION
*The hardware used by the third generation computer Ans : IC Chip (Integrated Circuit) *Integrated Circuit was invented by Ans : Jack Kilby *The language used by the 3rd generation computers Ans : High level languages *Third generation of computer is also known as Ans : LSI (Large Scale Integration) *Third generation computers interface with an Ans : Operating system *Key boards and monitors were used for the first time in Ans : Third Generation Computer
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER
*The hardware used in the fourth generation computer Ans : Microprocessor chip *In Microprocessor thousands of Integrated circuits were built into a single silicon chip *Fourth generation computer technology is known as Ans : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) *Graphical User Interface (GUI)was used in the Ans : Fourth Generation Computers
FIFTH GENERATION
*Fifth generation Computing device was based on Ans : Artificial Intelligence *Father of Artificial Intelligence Ans : John McCarthy *Fifth generation computer technology is known as Ans : ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)
*A set of actions performed by the computer to convert data into information is called Data processing *Data -> Information -> File Folder -> Directory -> Programme
DATA
*Collection of facts and figures in unorganised form is known as Ans : Data *The word data is originated from the Latin word Ans : Datum
INFORMATION
* The processed data which gives meaningful results is called Ans : Information
FILE
collection of data is called Ans : files
FOLDER
*Collection of files is known as Ans : Folder
DIRECTORY
*Collection of folder is called Ans : Directory *A directory within a directory is called Ans : Sub directory
PROGRAMME
*A set of commands to computer is called Ans : Programme
DATA BASE
*An organised collection of data is called Ans : Database *A collection of related information or data or records is called Ans : Database
DBMS - DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
*A system software for creating and managing database ia called Ans : DBMS
I. ANALOG COMPUTERS
*The computers used to process analog signals that vary continuously Ans : Analog Computers *The computers which are used by Scientists, mostly for simulation Ans : Analog Computers *Examples of analog computer Ans : Seismograph, Speedometer
II. DIGITAL COMPUTER
*Most commonly used type of computer Ans : Digital Computer *The computer used to process information with quantities using digits/numbers Ans : Digital Computer *The number system used to represent ail type of data Ans : Binary number system *Digital computer are more accurate than analog computer
III. HYBRID COMPUTERS
*The type of computer mainly used for specialised tasks Ans : Hybrid computers *The type of computer which exhibit the features of analog computers and digital computers Ans : Hybrid computers *The computing system that combines both digital and analog components Ans : Hybrid computers *Type of computers mostly used in hospitals Ans : Hybrid computers *Examples of Hybrid computer Ans : ECG and EEG
*The most powerful and fastest computers are Ans : Super computers *Father of super Computer Ans : Seymour Cray *World's fastest Super Computer Ans : Sunway Taihulight (China) *India's fastest Super computer Ans : PARAM YUVA - II *Speed of Super Computer is measured as FLOPS (Floating Point Operations per second ) *Sunway Taihu Light Ans : 93 peta FLOPS *Tianhe-2 Ans : 33.86 Peta FLOPS *Param Yuva 2 Ans : 529.4 Tera FLOPS
2.MAINFRAME COMPUTER
*The computers which are capable of processing data at very high speed Ans : Mainframe computer *The mainframe computer is colloquially referred as Ans : Big iron *The computer used for large scale computing purposes Ans : Mainframe computer *The computer designed to handle very high volume of input and output Ans : Mainframe computer
3.MINICOMPUTERS
*Minicomputers were developed in the mid of Ans : 1960s *A computer of medium power more than a micro computer but less than a mainframe computer Ans : Minicomputer
4.MICROCOMPUTERS
*Microcomputer uses a microprocessor as it Ans : CPU *The term Microcomputer was first used by Ans : Isaac Asimov *Isaac Asimov used the term microcomputer in his story Ans : The Dying Night *The type of computer mainly used for individual use Ans : Microcomputer *First microcomputer was made by Ans : Sord Computer Corporation (Japan)
LIST OF INPUT DEVICE
*Any data or instruction that is used computer is called Ans : Input *The device which allows communication between the user and computer Ans : Input device
KEY BOARD
* Primary input device of a computer Ans : Key board *Number of keys contains in a standard Keyboard Ans : 104 to 108 keys *The longest key in the keyboard Ans : Space Bar *The keyboard layout was designed by Ans : Christopher.L. Sholes (1872) *The keyboard layout designed by Christopher Sholes is known as Ans : QWERTY *Key place at the top left corner of the key board Ans : Escape Key (ESC)
■ SPECIAL KEYS IN A KEY BOARD
*Modifier keys : Control, Shift, Alt *Toggle Keys : Capslock and Number lock key *Function Keys : FI to F12 *Navigation Keys: Four Arrow Keys, Page up, Page down; Home, End * Standard which is used to convert a keystroke to its corresponding bit ASCII (It has 256 characters) ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
MOUSE
*The pointing device used in a computer Ans : Mouse *Mouse was invented by Ans : Douglas Carl Engelbart *Mouse can be used to control the position of the Ans : Cursor on screen *The blinking symbol which indicates the next position of the character is called Ans : Cursor *The unit which is used to represent the speed of a mouse Ans : Mickey *The company that developed mouse Ans : Xerox PARC *The pointing device used in laptop computer Ans : Touch pad *A small figure which depicts some applications on the screen is called Ans : Icon
SCANNER
*The device used to convert the data and image on paper into the digital form Ans : Scanner *First digital scanner was invented by Ans : SRudolf Hell *Flatbed Scanner was invented by Ans : Ray Kurzweil
JOYSTICK
*Joy stick is an example of Ans : Graphical pointing device *The device used as an input primarily for playing video games and controlling robots etc. Ans : Joy stick
TRACK BALL
*Track ball is a popular pointing device for Ans : Portable computers *Track ball is used instead of a Ans : Mouse *Track ball is an example for Ans : Stationary pointing device
LIGHT PEN
*A pointing device which is similar to a pen Ans : Light Pen *Light pen was designed by Ans : Peter Vogel and Kim Ryrie *The pointing device which utilizes a light - sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen Ans : Light pen
WEB CAM
*The video camera that can be connected to a computer Ans : Webcam *The camera attached to computers and can be used for, video conferencing or online chatting Ans : Webcam
BARCODE READER
*An input device used for reading printed bar codes available on products to be sold Ans : Barcode Reader *Bar code Reader reflects a barcode image by Ans : Emitting a beam of light *Bar code reader identifies a bar code image and converts it into an Ans : Alphanumeric value *Father of barcode reader Ans : Norman Joseph Woodland
MICROPHONE
*The input device used to input sound to the computer Ans : Microphone *The device used for various applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music Ans : Microphone
LIST OF OUTPUT UNITS
*The processed results is given to the user through Ans : Output unit *The device which gives the processed information Ans : Output device
MONITOR
Ans : Monitor *Monitor is commonly called Ans : Visual Display Unit (VDU) *Monitor forms images from tiny dots called Ans : Pixels *The resolution of the monitor depends upon the number of Ans : Pixels
*The device used to print documents on paper Ans : Printer *Printers are output devices that produce a Ans : Hard copy of an output *Printed copy of a document is known as Ans : Hard copy *Non printed copy of a document is known as Ans : Soft copy *Printer resolution is specified in Ans : Dots Per Inch (DPI) *Printers are of two types: Ans : Impact printers Non impact printers
IMPACT PRINTERS
*The class of printers that work by banging a head or needle against ink ribbon to make a mark on the paper Ans : Impact printer
*Printer used to print the characters without using ribbon Ans : NON Impact printers
EXAMPLES OF NON IMPACT PRINTERS
*Laser Printer *Inkjet Printer *Thermal printer
PLOTTER
*Type of printer used for printing vector graphics Ans : Plotter *Type of printer used to print design of ships and machines, plans for buildings etc. Ans : Plotter
*Data and instructions are stored in Ans : Memory unit *Two types of memory Ans : Primary Memory ,Secondary Memory
PRIMARY MEMORY
*Primary Memory is also known as Ans : Main Memory *The memory unit that communicates directly with the CPU Ans : Primary Memory *Primary Memory is classified into two types Ans : RAM and ROM
RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
*RAM is a temporary memory *RAM is a volatile memory *RAM is also known as Ans : Read/Write Memory *RAM is located on the Mother board of Computer *Two types of RAM Ans : DRAM (Dynamic RAM),SRAM (Static RAM)
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
*Read only memory is a permanent memory *ROM is a non-volatile memory *Firmware is stored in Ans : ROM *The memory does not lose its content when power is switched off Ans : ROM *The memory which has only read capability and no write capability Ans : ROM *The memory which has data and instructions written to it only one time Ans : ROM
VARIOUS TYPES OF ROM
*PROM (Programmable Read only Memory) *MROM (Mask Read only Memory) *EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read only Memory) *EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory)
PROM
*Type of a read only memory that can be modified only once by a user Ans : PROM *PROM was first developed by Ans : Wen Tsing Chow (1956) *Type of memory that can be programmed only once and is not erasable Ans : PROM *Type of memory which is known as one time programmable device Ans : PROM
MROM
*Type of memory which is a preprogrammed set of data or instructions Ans : MROM *MROM is an inexpensive ROM
EPROM
*Type of memory that can be erased and reprogrammed repeatedly Ans : EPROM *The EPROM can be erased by using Ans : Ultra - violet light *EPROM is also known as Ans : Ultra - violet erasable programmable ROM *EPROM was invented by Ans : Dov Frohman
EEPROM
*Type of memory that can be programmed and erased electrically Ans : EEPROM *EEPROM was developed by Ans : George Perlegos *The memory in EEPROM can be erased by using Ans : Electrical signals
CACHE MEMORY
*A very high speed memory placed in between RAM and CPU Ans : Cache Memory *Cache memory increases the speed of Ans : Processing *Cache is a memory that a CPU can access more quickly than regular Ans : RAM *The technique of transferring a copy of data from main memory to a cache memory is called Ans : Mapping
FLASH MEMORY
*Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip made of Ans : EEPROM Eg: Memory cards *USB Flash drive
REGISTER
*The temporary storage area in CPU Ans : Register *All data must be represented in register before it is processed *The power and speed of a CPU is determined by Ans : Number of Registers
BUFFER
*The temporary physical storage used to hold data during execution of process from one place to another Ans : Buffer *Buffer is a storage area in Ans : RAM
ADDRESS
*A. unique identification of a location memory is called Ans : Address
BUS
*A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers is called Ans : BUS *All buses consist of two parts namely Ans : Address bus and Data bus *The bus that is used to specify a physical address. Ans : Address bus *The collection or a sequence of a signal line that are responsible for carrying data from one place to another in a computer Ans : Data bus
SECONDARY MEMORY
*Secondary Memory is also known as Ans : Auxiliary Memory or External Memory *The memory which stores data permanently Ans : Secondary memory eg: Magnetic tape *Floppy Disc *Hard Disc *Optical Disc *DVD
HARD DISK
*The device used to store permanently and retrieve information Ans : Hard Disk *Hard disk is divided into two namely Ans : Tracks and Sectors *The activity of creating sectors and tracks on a hard disk is known as Ans : Formatting *The device generally contains six platters stacked on one another Ans : Hard disk *Each platter in hard disk is divided into concentric circles called Ans : Tracks *Each track is subdivided into Ans : Sectors *Speed of hard disk is measured in Ans : RPM (Revolution per Minute) *The normal size of a hard drive sector is Ans : 512 bites
■ FLOPPY DISK
* Floppy disk was discovered by Ans : Alan Shugart * Size of floppy disk Ans : 3.5 inch, 5.25 inch, 8 inch *Storage capacity of floppy disk Ans : 1.44MB * The part of the computer where floppy disks are inserted Ans : Floppy disk drive
OPTICAL DISK
*Compact Disk was discovered by Ans : James.T. Russell *An example for digital optical disk Ans : CD *Storage capacity of a CD Ans : 650 to 750 MB *Diameter of a CD Ans : 12cm *DVD is Ans : Digital Versatile Disk *Storage capacity of a DVD Ans : 4.7GB *Three type of CDs - Ans : CD - ROM, CD - R, CD - RW *CD-ROM Ans : Compact Disk - Read Only Memory *Data is recorded permanently on the surface of the optical disk by using Ans : Laser *The contents in CD-ROM cannot be changed or erased *CD-R Ans : Compact Disk - Recordable *Data once stored in CD-R cannot be erased *CD-RW Ans : Compact Disk - Rewritable *The type of CD which is used to write data multiple times by the use of format feature Ans : CD-RW
■ BLUE RAY DISK
*A data storage device designed to replace the DVD format Ans : Blue Ray Disk *An optical disk storage medium designed mainly for storing HD video resolution format Ans : Blue Ray Disk *Storage capacity of a Blue ray disk Ans : 25 GB
USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)
*USB Flash Drive is also known as Ans : Pen Drive *The device which is smaller, faster, having more capacity, more durability and reliability than a CD Ans : USB
MEMORY MEASUREMENT
*The smallest memory measurement unit Ans : Bit *The highest memory unit Ans : Geop Byte
NUMBER SYSTEMS
Four types of Number System: 1.Binary Number system 2.Decimal Number system 3.Octal Number system 4.Hexadecimal Number system
1. BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
*The number system used by every computer Ans : Binary Number system *Binary Number system is also known as Ans : Base 2 Number system *Binary Number consists of only ans : 0's and 1's *Digit '1' represents Ans : On state *Digit 'O' represents Ans : Off state *Binary Number system was discovered by Ans : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz *1 Bit : Binary Digit (0,1) * 4 Bit : 1 Nibble 1 *8 Bit : 1 Byte * 1024 Byte : 1 KB (Kilo Byte) *1024 KB : 1 MB (Mega Byte) *1024 GB : 1 TB (Terra Byte) *1024 TB : 1 PB (Peta Byte) * 1024 PB : 1EB (Exa Byte) *1024 EB : 1 ZB (Zetta Byte) *1024 ZB : 1 YB (Yotta Byte) *1024 YB : 1 BB (Bronto Byte) *1024 BB 1GB & (Geop Byte)
SEQUENTIAL ACCESS DIRECT ACCESS DIRECT AND SEQUENTIAL
*Magnetic Tape - Hard Disk CD *Magnetic Cassette - USB DVD
*The number founded by changing all 1's to 0's and all 0's to 1's Ans : 1's complement eg : Find the 1's complement of 01001 1's complement of 01001= 10110
TWO'S COMPLEMENT
*The binary number obtained by adding 1 to 1's complement of the Number Ans : 2's complement eg: Find the 2's complement of 10110 *1's complement of 10110 = 01001 Adding 1 to 01001 01001 1 01010 1 *2's complement = 01010
2.DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
*Decimal Number system is also known as Ans : Base 10 system or Positional number system *Decimal number system consists of Ans : Ten digits from 0 to 9
3.OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM
*Octal Number system is also known as Ans : Base 8 number system *Octal Number system contains eight digits Ans : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OCTAL TO DECIMAL
*Multiply each digit by power of 8 Question: Convert (50)8 to Decimal: Ans : (50)8 = 0 x 8° 5 x 8 = 0 40 = (40)10
4.HEXA DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
*Hexa decimal number system is also known as Ans : Base 16 number system *Hexa decimal number system contains Ans : Ten digits and 6 characters (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F) *0 - 9 represents the values Ans : Zero to nine *A - F represents the values of Ans : 10 to 15
HEXA DECIMAL TO DECIMAL
*Multiply each digit by power of 16 and add together eg : (2F)16 = 15 x 16° 2 x 161 = 15 32 = (47) 10
Question: Convert 110010 to binary: Ans: Multiply each digit by its weighted position (Power of 2) and add together (110010),2 5 4 3 2 1 0 110010 0 2° 1 21 0 22 0 23 1 24 1 250 2 0 0 16 32 2 16 32 = 50
DATA REPRESENTATION CODE USED IN COMPUTER
ASCII
*ASCII stands for Ans : American Standard Code for Information Interchange *ASCII characters are represented by Ans : 7bits *The unique code give to each key on the keyboard Ans : ASCII *ASCII code are Ans : 128 ASCII characters *ASCII for characters A to Z is Ans : 65 to 95 (A = 65,B=66...) *ASCII for character a to z is Ans : 97 - 122 (a = 97,b = 98...)
BCD
*BCD stands for Ans : Binary coded Decimal *Binary coded Decimal number express each decimal digits as Ans : 4bits eg : 537 5 - 0101 3- 0011 7 - 0111
EBCDIC
*EBCDIC stands for Ans : Extended Binary Cided Decimal Interchange Code *In EBCDIC characters are represented using Ans : 8bit or a byte(256 characters represented)
UNICODE
*The code uses 16 bits to represent a symbol in the data Ans : UNICODE *The code which represents any non - English character scientific symbol in any language Ans : UNICODE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
*A set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function Ans : Software *Software is an interface between user and Ans : Computer *Software is divided into two types: 1.System software 2.Application software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
*A collection of programs designed to operate and control a computer system Ans : System Software *The type of software which saves as the Interface between hardware and the end users Ans : System Software eg:Operating System, Compiler, Interpreter, Assemblers
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
*A set of programs which controls the overall operations of a computer Ans : Operating system *The software which provides interface between the computer hardware and the user Ans : Operating System *Windows Operating system was developed by Ans : Microsoft *Founder of Microsoft Ans : Bill Gates and Paul Allen (1975) *Linux operating system was developed by Ans : Linus Bendict Torvalds *First fully support 64 bit operating system Ans : Linux *Apple computer was founded by Ans : Steve jobs and Steve Wozniak (1976) *Operating system developed by Apple Ans : Mac OS/ Macintosh (Mavericks, Mountain Lion, Leopard, Snow leopared are the version of Mac OS) *Unix operating system was developed by Ans : Dennis Ritchi and Ken Thompson *Operating system in which assembly language was first used Ans : UNIX
MICROSOFT OPERATING
*MS-DOS * Windows 95 *Windows 2000 * Windows 2003 *Windows 7 * Windows 8 *Windows 3.X * Windows 98 *Windows CE * Windows ME *Windows NT * Windows Vista *Windows XP * Windows 10
*The software which is used to convert source code written in a high level programming language directly into machine language Ans : Compiler *Compiler is an example for Ans : Translator *Compiler takes entire programme as Ans : Input *Example Ans : C Compiler
INTERPRETER
*Software used to convert source code written in a high level programming language into machine language line by line Ans : Interpreter *Major advantage of an interpreter Ans : Finding errors in a programme *Interpreter takes single instruction at a time as input and convert into machine language *Example Ans : BASIC
ASSEMBLER
*Software used to convert the assembly language into machine language Ans : Assembler *Assembly language is a low level programming language for a computer
UTILITY SOFTWARE
*A set of system programs used to perform standard computer operations Ans : Utility software eg: sorting, deleting, copying files, password protections
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
*A software used to perform a specific task Ans : Application software *Application software are two types Ans : General purpose software Special purpose software *Example of General purpose software Ans : Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word Microsoft powerpoint,open office *Example of special purpose software Ans : Photoshop, Pagemaker
DATABASE SOFTWARE
*The software that is used for creating database and managing the information stored in them Ans : Data Base Software eg: Microsoft SQL, Oracle, My SQL
*A primary interface of a programmer with a computer Ans : Programming language *The term computer language usually refers to Ans : Low-level Language and High-level language
LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
*Low level language is divided into two, namely: Ans : Machine language ,Assembly language
MACHINE LANGUAGE
*The lowest level language understood by computer Ans : Machine language *The language used by programmers in first generation of computer Ans : Machine language *The language which is used as a machine language Ans : Binary language *Machine language uses two binary digits, namely Ans : Os and Is *The only language which is understood by a computer Ans : Machine language
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
*The language which is used to interface with computer hardware Ans : Assembly language *The assembly languages uses symbols instead of numbers. It is known as Ans : Mnemonics code *The language used in second generation of computer Ans : Assembly language *Assembly language is faster than Ans : High level language
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES
*The language which enables programmer to write program that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer Ans : High level languages *High level languages is also called Ans : Source code *High level language rules are called Ans : Syntax *Examples of High level language: Ans : BASIC, FORTRAN, JAVA, C, Pascal *High level language must be translated into machine language by a Ans : Compiler or Interpreter
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPER
* Java James Gosling * C Dennis.M. Ritche * C Bjarne Stroustrup *B Ken Thompson and Den nis. M. Ritche *FORTRAN John Backus *COBOL Grace Murray Hooper *BASIC Thomas.E. Kurtz and John.G. Kemeny *Logo Wally Feurzeig and Seymour Papert * PASCAL Niklaus Wirth
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
*The intelligence exhibited by Machines or software is called Ans : Artificial Intelligence * The academic field of study, which studies the goal of creating intelligence Ans : Artificial Intelligence *Languages using for Artificial Intelligence Ans : LISP and PROLOG
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