1. A source produces 4 symbols with probabilities , , , For this source, a practical coding scheme has an average codeword length of 2 bits/symbol. The efficiency of the code is


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MCQ-> Read the following information and answer the given question.Seven people, namely O, P, Q, R, S, T and U have to attend a practical but not necessarily in the same order, on seven different months (of the same year) namely February, March, April, June, August, September and November. Each of them also likes a different subject namely Chemistry, Biology, Psychology, Hindi, English, Geography and Account but not necessarily in the same order. The one who likes Hindi will attend a practical in a month which has 31 days. Only two people will attend a practical between the one who likes Hindi and T. Only three people will attend a practical between T and Q. Only one person will attend a practical between Q and the one who likes Accounts. The one who likes Chemistry will attend a practical in one of the months before the one who likes Accounts. The one who likes Chemistry will attend a practical in the month which has less than 30 days. Only two people will attend a practical between the one who likes Chemistry and S. Only one person will attend a practical between S and the one who likes Psychology. The one who likes Psychology will attend a practical on one of the months after S. Only two people will attend a practical between the one who likes Psychology and P. The one who likes Geography will attend a practical immediately before P. Only three people will attend a practical between P and the one who likes English. Only ,one people will attend a practical between 0 and R. 0 will attend a practical in a month which has 31 days.Who amongst the following likes Biology ?
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MCQ->A source produces 4 symbols with probabilities , , , For this source, a practical coding scheme has an average codeword length of 2 bits/symbol. The efficiency of the code is....
MCQ-> In each question below, a group of digits/symbols is given, followed by four combinations of letters numbered (1), (2), (3), and (4). You have to find out which of the combinations (1), (2), (3) and (4) correctly represents the group of digits/symbols based on the following coding system and the conditions those follow and mark the number of that combination as your answer. If none of the four combinations correctly represents the group of digits/symbols, mark (5) i.e.,’None of these’ as the answer Digit/Symbol 5 9 @ © 3 8 1 $ % 4 2 6 * 7 $$\delta$$ # Letter Code B E P A K D F H Q I R J U M V T Conditions (a) If the first unit in the group is an even digit and the last unit is a symbol, both these are to be coded as the code for the symbol. (b) If the first unit in the group is an odd digit and the last unit is an even digit, their codes are to the unchanged. (c) If both the first and the last units in the group are symbols, both these are to be coded as ‘X’.@91$26
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MCQ->A source has two symbols x1 and x2 with probabilities pi and pr. If a new source with four symbols is generated from the above source, the new symbol probabilities will be (∈ is a number such that 0 < ∈ < 1)....
MCQ-> I suggest that the essential character of the Trade Cycle and, especially, the regularity of time-sequence and of duration which justifies us in calling it a cycle, is mainly due to the way in which the marginal efficiency of capital fluctuates. The Trade Cycle is best regarded, I think, as being occasioned by a cyclical change in the marginal efficiency of capital, though complicated and often aggravated by associated changes in the other significant short period variables of the economic system.By a cyclical movement we mean that as the system progresses in, e.g. the upward direction, the forces propelling it upwards at first gather force and have a cumulative effect on one another but gradually lose their strength until at a certain point they tend to be replaced by forces operating in the opposite direction; which in turn gather force for a time and accentuate one another, until they too, having reached their maximum development, wane and give place to their opposite. We do not, however, merely mean by a cyclical movement that upward and downward tendencies, once started, do not persist for ever in the same direction but are ultimately reversed. We mean also that there is some recognizable degree of regularity in the time-sequence and duration of the upward and downward movements. There is, however, another characteristic of what we call the Trade Cycle which our explanation must cover if it is to be adequate; namely, the phenomenon of the ‘crisis’ the fact that the substitution of a downward for an upward tendency often takes place suddenly and violently, whereas there is, as a rule, no such sharp turning-point when an upward is substituted for a downward tendency. Any fluctuation in investment not offset by a corresponding change in the propensity to consume will, of course, result in a fluctuation in employment. Since, therefore, the volume of investment is subject to highly complex influences, it is highly improbable that all fluctuations either in investment itself or in the marginal efficiency of capital will be of a cyclical character.We have seen above that the marginal efficiency of capital depends, not only on the existing abundance or scarcity of capital-goods and the current cost of production of capital- goods, but also on current expectations as to the future yield of capital-goods. In the case of durable assets it is, therefore, natural and reasonable that expectations of the future should play a dominant part in determining the scale on which new investment is deemed advisable. But, as we have seen, the basis for such expectations is very precarious. Being based on shifting and unreliable evidence, they are subject to sudden and violent changes. Now, we have been accustomed in explaining the ‘crisis’ to lay stress on the rising tendency of the rate of interest under the influence of the increased demand for money both for trade and speculative purposes. At times this factor may certainly play an aggravating and, occasionally perhaps, an initiating part. But I suggest that a more typical, and often the predominant, explanation of the crisis is, not primarily a rise in the rate of interest, but a sudden collapse in the marginal efficiency of capital. The later stages of the boom are characterized by optimistic expectations as to the future yield of capital goods sufficiently strong to offset their growing abundance and their rising costs of production and, probably, a rise in the rate of interest also. It is of the nature of organized investment markets, under the influence of purchasers largely ignorant of what they are buying and of speculators who are more concerned with forecasting the next shift of market sentiment than with a reasonable estimate of the future yield of capital-assets, that, when disillusion falls upon an over-optimistic and over- bought market, it should fall with sudden and even catastrophic force. Moreover, the dismay and uncertainty as to the future which accompanies a collapse in the marginal efficiency of capital naturally precipitates a sharp increase in liquidity-preference and hence a rise in the rate of interest. Thus the fact that a collapse in the marginal efficiency of capital tends to be associated with a rise in the rate of interest may seriously aggravate the decline in investment. But the essence of the situation is to be found, nevertheless, in the collapse in the marginal efficiency of capital, particularly in the case of those types of capital which have been contributing most to the previous phase of heavy new investment. Liquidity preference, except those manifestations of it which are associated with increasing trade and speculation, does not increase until after the collapse in the marginal efficiency of capital. It is this, indeed, which renders the slump so intractable. Which of the following does not describe the features of cyclical movement?
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