*The scientist who discovered and isolated the chlorine gas Ans : Carl Scheele *The scientist who recognized chlorine as an element Ans : Humphry Davy *The second element having highest reactivity Ans : Chlorine *The colour of Chlorine gas Ans : Pale yellow green *The organic compound which contains chlorine Ans : DDT, BHC, Chloroform, Freon *Chloroform was discovered by Ans : James Young Simpson *The poisonous substance produced when the chlorine is exposed Ans : Phosgene *The gas which was used as chemical weapon in the First World War Ans : Phosgene *The element used to purify the water in swimming pool Ans : Chlorine *The element used as an oxidising agent Ans : Chlorine *The element used as a bleaching agent Ans : Chlorine *The most abundant element present in sea water Ans : Chlorine *The remedy gas which is used against the chlorine poisoning Ans : Ammonia *The chlorine compound present in tear gas Ans : Benzyl Chloride *The compound of chlorine used in the plastics Ans : Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) *The solvent used as an anesthetic Ans : Chloroform *The compound used as an antiseptic Ans : Sodium Hypochlorite
BROMINE (Br) (Z=35)
*The non metal present in liquid form in room temperature Ans : Bromine *The bromine compound used in photographic films Ans : Silver Bromide *Third lightest halogen Ans : Bromine
IODINE (I) (Z=53)
*Commonly used halogen Ans : Iodine *The element abundant in sea weeds Ans : Iodine *The element known as solid halogen Ans : Iodine *The non-metal having highest density Ans : Iodine *The most commonly used halogen available as tablet Ans : Iodine *Iodine test is used to detect Ans : Carbohydrate *The colour of carbohydrate in iodine Ans : Dark Blue *The element that sublimes (solid into vapour) on heating Ans : Iodine *The substance contains in the capsule which is given to the people in the nuclear disaster affected area Ans : Potassium Iodide *The substances used for artificial raining Ans : Silver Iodide and Dry ice (Solid CO2)
ASTATINE (At) (Z=85)
*The rarest element in Earth Ans : Astatine *The heaviest known halogen Ans : Astatine *The element known as synthetic halogen Ans : Astatine
NOBLE GASES OR ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS
*Noble gases are also called as Ans : Inert gases *Noble gases do not enter Into chemical reactions *Noble gases were discovered by Ans : William Ramsay *Group 18 is also known as Ans : Zero group elements
NOBLE GASES ARE
: *Helium (He) *Neon (Ne) *Argon (Ar) *Krypton (Kr) *Xenon (Xe) *Radon (Rn) *Valency of noble gases is Ans:'O'(Zero)
RADON
*The largest gaseous atom Ans : Radon *The heaviest gaseous atom Ans : Radon *The only radio active gaseous element Ans : Radon *The element extracted from radioactive disintegration of radium Ans : Radon
ARGON
*Argon was discovered by Ans : Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay *Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay got Nobel Prize for the discovery of Argon in Ans : 1904 *The most abundant inert gaseous element present in the atmosphere Ans : Argon *The gas filled in electric bulbs Ans : Argon
NOTABLE POINTS ON NOBLE GAS
*Neon- used in the tube and on the advertising sign boards *Argon - used to fill in incandescent lamps *Krypton - known as Hidden gas *Xenon - Known as stranger gas
MERCURY (Hg) (Z= 80)
*The metal known as Quick Silver Ans : Mercury *The anomalous metal seen in liquid form in room temperature Ans : Mercury *First known super conductor Ans : Mercury *The metal with lowest melting point (-39°C) Ans : Mercury *Measuring quantity of mercury Ans : Flask
AMALGAM
*The term amalgam is used to represent an alloy which contains Ans : Mercury Eg: Dental filling
TIN (Sn) (Z=50)
*The element having maximum number of isotopes Ans : Tin *Latin name of Tin Ans : Stannum *The main ore of Tin Ans : Cassiterite *The ore of Tin known as Tin stone Ans:Cassiterite
LEAD (Pb) (Z=82)
*The most stable substance in the nature Ans : Lead *The element does not allow to pass laser through it Ans : Lead *Element used in storage batteries Ans : Lead *The element present as an anti-knocking agent in petrol Ans : Lead *The element used in the smoke of the vehicles Ans : Lead *The element having least conductivity Ans : Lead *The element which is purified by melting Ans : Lead *The part of the human body which is affected by lead Ans : Kidney *The disease caused by the effect of the element lead Ans : Plumbism *The red coloured pigment in 'sindur' Ans : Trilead Tetroxide
TIN AND LEAD COMBINATION
*Tin and Lead combination is used in safety fuse *Alloy of Tin and Lead used to make safety wire *Alloy of Tin and lead can be separated by melting
NOBLE METALS
Noble metals are *Silver (Ag) *Platinum (Pt) *Gold (Au) *The elements exist in free state Ans : Noble Metals *The process of producing noble metals is Ans : Cyanide Process
GOLD (Au) (Z=79)
*Latin name of gold is Ans : Aurum *The metal known as King of metals Ans : Gold *The metal known as 'Hiranya' Ans : Gold *The metal with high malleability and ductility Ans : Gold *Melting point of gold Ans:1064°C (1947°F) *The device used to measure the purity of Gold Ans : Carat Analyser *The metal used with gold for making ornaments Ans : Copper *The symbol of Bureau of Indian Standard given for the purity of gold Ans : Hallmark *The compound of Gold and Silver is called Ans : Electrum
GOLD
*The unit of gold - Carat *Pure gold - 24 carat *22 carat gold used to make ornaments *916 gold is 22 carat *One pavan = 8 gram *1kg = 125 pavan
AQUAREGIA
*The liquid known as 'royal water' Ans : Aquaregia *Gold, Silver and Platinum are soluble in Ans : Aquaregia *The ratio of Hydrochloric acid and Nitric acid in Aquaregia Ans : 3:1 *The liquid used in the Wohlwill process for extracting pure gold Ans : Aquaregia
COMPOUNDS
WATER
*Most abundant compound present in animals and human body Ans : Water *The scientist who found that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen Ans : Henry Cavendish *The only matter which exists in three forms (Solid, liquid, gas) Ans : Water *Chemical name of water Ans : Di-hydrogen Oxide *The compound known as heavy water Ans : Deuterium Oxide *Scientist who made artificial water Ans : Joseph Priestly *Water has high boiling point due to the presence of Ans : Hydrogen bonding *Bodymass contain Ans : 70% of water *The liquid known as universal solvent Ans : Water *The matter having highest specific heat capacity Ans : Water *Water has the maximum density at Ans : 4°C *Water has the highest volume and lowest density at Ans : o°c *Boiling point of water Ans : 100°C *Freezing point of water Ans : 0°C *The pH value of water Ans : 7 *The quantity of oxygen in pure water Ans : 89% *Water acts as Ans : neutral *The purest water on earth is Ans : Rain water *The poor conductor of electricity Ans : Water *The bonding of the molecules in water is called Ans : Polar bonding
TWO TYPES OF WATER
*Hard Water *Soft Water
HARD WATER
*Does not produce lather with soap readily *Again classified into two (1)Temporary hardness (2)Permanent hardness (1)Temporary hardness: Due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium *It can be removed by repeated boiling or adding lime (2)Permanent hardness: *Due to the presence of sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium *It can be removed by adding sodium carbonate or by distillation or by exchange method
CARBON-DIOXIDE (CO2)
*Carbon dioxide was discovered by Ans : Joseph Black *The percentage of Carbon dioxide in atmosphere Ans : 0.03% *Gas which causes global warming Ans : Carbon dioxide *Solid carbon dioxide is known as Ans : Dry Ice *The substance used as cooling agent Ans : Dry Ice *The substance known as Card Ice Ans : Dry Ice *The sewage material in Aeroplanes are turned into solid by Ans : Blue ice *The gas released during the process of fermentation Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas used as fire extinguisher Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas present in soda water Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas caused for green house effect Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas absorbed at the time of photosynthesis Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas emitted when the flour and toddy become sour Ans : Carbon dioxide *The gas let out when the lime stone is heated Ans : Carbon dioxide *The product released when the carbon is burned in air Ans : Carbon dioxide
AMMONIA (NH3)
*Compound of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is Ans : Ammonia *Ammonia gas was discovered by Ans : Fritz Haber *Gaseous ammonia was produced for the first time by Ans : Joseph Priestly *The process by which ammonia is manufactured industrially is Ans : Haber process *The temperature for the Haber process is Ans : 500°c *Catalyst used in Haber process Ans : Iron
AMMONIA
*Has a strong irritating smell *Most soluble gas in water *Lighter than air *Colourless gas *Acts as cleaning agent *Ammonia can be liquified *The only gas which shows alkaline in nature Ans : Ammonia *The substance which is used as coolant in Ice plants Ans : Ammonia *The only gas having alkaline characteristics Ans : Ammonia *The remedial gas used against the poisoning of chlorine Ans : Ammonia *Acid which is used to detect Ammonia Ans : Nessler's Reagent *Artificial volcanoes are made using Ans : Ammonium Dichromate *The substance used in the production of nylon, rayon, explosives, fertilizers and dyes Ans : Ammonia *The substance known as liquor ammonia Ans : Ammonium Hydroxide *The substance known as smelling salt Ans : Ammonium carbonate *The plant which absorbs ammonia directly from the atmosphere Ans : Paddy *The chemical substance used to dehydrate Ammonia gas Ans : Calcium Oxide *The compounds of Ammonia Ans : Nitrogen and Hydrogen
ACIDS
*Acids are substances which produce Ans : Hydronium ion (H3 O) *The element present in all acids Ans : Hydrogen *The acids without any oxygen is called Ans : Hydracid, Hydrochloric acid *The acids produced from plants Ans : Organic Acid *The taste of acids is Ans : Sour *Acid turns blue litmus paper to Ans : Red *The gas produced when acids are active on metals Ans : Hydrogen *The gas produced when acids are active with Carbonates Ans : Carbon dioxide *Earliest known acid is Ans : Acetic acid (Ethenoic acid) *Other name of formic acid Ans : Methenoic acid
SULPHURIC ACID (H2SO4)
*The acid known as oil of Vitriol Ans : Sulphuric Acid *The acid known as king of chemicals Ans : Sulphuric Acid *Sulphuric acid is produced by Ans : Contact process *The acid used in lead storage battery Ans : Sulphuric Acid *The acid used for the making of dynamite and car battery Ans : Sulphuric Acid *The acid pours on earth when acid rain occurs Ans : Sulphuric Acid *The acid which is highly powerful than Sulphuric acid Ans : Super Acid *The planet having the clouds of Sulphuric acid Ans : Venus *The catalyst used for the production of Sulphuric acid Ans : Vanadium Pentoxide *Ascorbic acid Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin C *Panthothenic acid Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin B5 *Folic acid Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin B9
NITRIC ACID
*Used for the purification of gold *It fumes in air *It is known as Spirit of Nitre *The chemical process for producing nitric acid Ans : Ostwald process *The acid known as aquafortis Ans : Nitric Acid *The acid used as oxidizer in rocket propellants Ans : Nitric Acid
OTHER ACIDS
*Barbituric acid Ans : Used as hypnotic *Muriatic acid Ans : Old name of hydrochloric acid *Aquafortis Ans : Old name of nitric acid *Carbolic acid Ans : Dilute phenol *Hydrochloric acid Ans : Acts as a digesting agent (contained in gastric juice) *Phosphoric acid Ans : Contained in cola/soft drinks *Carbonic acid Ans : Ordinary soda water *Tartaric acid Ans : Constituent of baking powder *Lactic acid Ans : Causes muscles fatigue *Sucronic acid Ans : Sweetest acid *Fluroantimonic acid Ans : Strongest add *Perchioric acid Ans : Strongest inorganic add *Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Ans : The acid used in Psychiatry *Asperin Acid known as wonder drug (also known as Acetyl Salicylic add) *Benzoic acid Ans : Used as food preservative
*Nitric Acid - Explosives *Phosphoric acid - Fertilizers *Hydrochloric acid - Cleaning of metal items, printing industry *Oxalic acid - Ink stain remover *Carbonic acid - Flavoured drinks *Tartaric acid - Baking Powder *Boric Acid - Eye wash *Benzoic acid - Preservation of fruit pulps and making of perfumes *Citric acid - Food preservation
BASES
*Oxides and hydroxides of metals are known as Ans : Bases *Bases turns red litmus paper into Ans : Blue *The colour of phenolphthalein in base Ans : Pink *The colour of phenolphthalein in acid Ans : No colour *The activity of acid and base is known as Ans : Neutralization
IMPORTANT BASES AND USES
*Sodium hydroxide Ans : Soap manufacturing *Calcium hydroxide Ans : Bleaching powder manufacturing *Magnesium hydroxide Ans : Used as antacid *Ammonium hydroxide Ans : To remove stains from clothes
SALT
*Ionic compounds containing cations (ve ion) and anions (-ve ion) are Ans : Salt *The process of mixing up of salt and water resulting to form an acidic or alkaline solution known as Ans : Hydrolysis *Salt Water -> acidic or alkaline *Property of salt to absorb atmospheric salt Ans : Hygroscopic
SALT AND USES
*Sodium chloride Ans : Flavouring agent *Sodium benzoate Ans : Food preservative *Sodium bicarbonate Ans : Ingredient in baking powder *Potassium nitrate Ans : Used as gun powder
ALKALLOIDS
*Nitrogen containing organic compounds are called Ans : Alkalloids *The taste of Alkalloids is Ans : Bitter
*Measure of acidic or basic character of a liquid or solution is called Ans : pH value *pH scale was discovered by Ans : Soren Sorensen *pH value starts from Ans:0 to 14 *pH value less than 7 is Ans : Acidic in nature *pH value equal to 7 is Ans : Neutral solutions (eg: water) *pH value more than 7 is Ans : Bases in nature *Solution which resists changes in pH caused by the addition of acid or alkali Ans : Buffer solution
SUBSTANCE
pH VALUE
*Lemon Juice 2.4 *Vinegar 2.9 *Hydrochloric acid (Stomach) 3.01 *Orange juice 3.3 to 4.19 *Grapes 3.5 to 4.5 *Beer 4.5 *Coffee 5 *Tea 5.5 *Tomato 6 to 6.8 *Urine 6.5 to 7 *Milk 6.5 *Water 7 *Human blood 7.4 *Sea Water 7.9 *Baking soda 9 *Caustic soda 12
SOLUTION
*Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called Ans:Solution *Solution -» Solvent Solute Ans:Solute - dissolved substance Solvent - dissolving substance *Solution is divided into two a)Saturated solution b)Unsaturated solution
TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLUTION
*Normality Number of gram equivalent solute in 1 litre of solution *Molality Number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of the solvent *Molarity Number of moles of solute in 1 litre of solution
CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
POLYMERS
*Complex molecules formed by the combination of simpler molecules Ans : Polymer *The word polymer means Ans : Big molecule *Simplest unit of polymers Ans : Monomer *Monomers in the insulin is Ans : Amino acids *The process by which polymers and plastics made from monomers Ans : Polymerisation *Study of artificial fibre is called Ans : Polymer Chemistry *Examples of natural polymers are Ans : Cellulose, silk etc. *Paper is an example of Ans : Cellulose *Examples of artificial polymers are Ans : Rayon, Nylon, Teflon etc. *Father of Polymer Chemistry Ans : Hermann Staudinger *Father of Polymer Physics Ans : Hermann Mark
PLASTIC
*Plastics are generally Ans : Synthetic polymers *Plastics are of two types (1)Thermoplastic (2)Thermosetting plastic
*Undergoes chemical chang eg: Polyster, bakelite *First artificial plastic Ans : Bakelite *Bakelite is made from Ans : Phenol and formaldehyde *Plastic will dissolve in Ans : Chloroform *Poisonous gas produced on burning of plastic Ans : Dioxin *Chemical name of Teflon Ans : Polytetra fluoro ethylene *PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) Ans : One of the widely used amorphous plastics *The substance used for coating of non stick utensils Ans : Teflon *The plastic which is used to make the storage utensils to keep strong acids Ans : Teflon *The plastic used to make gum Ans : Urea Formal dehyde *The plastic which is used to make the clothes, the body of vehicles Ans : Polyester *The plastic which is used to make the fishing net, parachute etc Ans : Nylon *The plastic which is mostly produced and used is Ans : Polythene
RUBBER
*The birth place of Rubber Ans : Brazil *Constituent of natural rubber Ans : Isoprene *Rubber is an example of Ans : Polymer *The word 'rubber' was first coined by Ans : Joseph Priestly *Heating rubber with sulphur for the betterment of its properties like tensile strength, hardness, elasticity etc. is called as Ans : Vulcanisation *Vulcanisation was developed by Ans : Charles Good Year *Ordinary rubber is Ans : Thermoplastic *First synthetic rubber Ans : Neoprene *Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Neoprene, Thiokole are the examples of Ans : Synthetic rubber *Rubber is soluble in Ans : Benzene (C6H6) *Structure of Benzene was discovered by Ans : August Kekule
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
USES
*Styrene Butadiene -Tyres,footwears *Neoprene - Cable insulation,marking hose *Thiokol - Making seal,hoses,Taks for storing solvents
CEMENT
*Cement was invented by Ans : Joseph Aspidin *Mixture of aluminates and silicates of calcium is Ans : Cement *Setting of cement is due to the hydration of calcium silicates and Ans : Calcium aluminates *Setting time of cement is controlled by adding Ans : Gypsum
SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
*Sodium hydroxide Ans : Used to make washing soap *Potassium hydroxide Ans : Used to make toilet soap *Olive oil Ans : Used to make baby soap *Salting out Ans : Extraction of soap from glycerine *Soap making procedure is known as Ans : Saponification *Transparent oil contents are Ans : Glycerol and caster oil *The quality of soap is determined by Ans : TFM (Total Fatty Matter) *As per the ISI Standard first grade toilet soap should have a TFM of Ans : 76% *Second grade toilet soap should have a TFM of Ans : 70% *Mixture of sodium salts of aromatic and sulphonic acids is Ans : Detergents
DRUGS
*The drugs used to treat infections Ans : Antibiotics Eg : Penicillin, Ampicillin etc. *The drug which either kill or prevent the growth of micro organism Ans : Antiseptics *The drug used to reduce fever Ans : Antipyretic *The drug used to reduce pain without causing impairment of consciousness Ans : Analgesics Eg: Aspirin and Paracetamol *The drug used to relieve stress and anxiety Ans : Tranquilizer *The chemical used as mouthwash Ans : Hydrogen peroxide
ALCOHOL
*Basic group contained in alcohol Ans : Hydroxyl group (OH) *The units to measure the amount of alcohol Ans : ABV, Proof *The simplest alcohol Ans : Methanol *Denaturized spirit Ans : Ethanol Methanol *Alcoholic beverage contains Ans : Ethyl alcohol *Alcohol poison (Hooch Tragedy) is due to Ans:Methanol *Gasohol —> Petrol (gasoline) alcohol *Ethanol is produced by the Ans : Fermentation of Sugar *The product obtained when yeast is added to sugar solution Ans : Wash *Absolute alcohol is Ans : 100% ethanol *The mixture of absolute alcohol and petrol at the rate of 1:4 is called Ans : Power alcohol *The process of separating alcohol from the mixture of water and alcohol Ans : Distillation
COMMON NAME
CHEMICAL NAME
Brown Coal - Lignite Hard Coal - Anthracite Soft Coal - Bituminous coal Marsh gas - Methane Grain alcohol - Ethanol Wood Spirit - Methanol Ethanol - Ethyl alcohol White tar - Naphthalene Methanol - Methyl alcohol Rectified spirit - Water Absolute alcohol - Ethyl alcohol
*The liquor which has the lowest rate of alcohol content Ans : Beer *The liquor which is produced from the malted barley Ans : Beer *The liquor which has highest rate of alcohol content Ans : Whisky *The alcohol which is produced from molasses Ans : Rum *The alcohol which is produced from grapes Ans : Brandy *The alcohol which is produced from the cashew fruits Ans : Feni *The study of wines Ans : Oenology
ESTERS
*The product derived from the reaction between an acid and an alcohol Ans : Esters *Esters were discovered by Ans : Hermann Emil Fischer *Esters are colourless *The organic compounds used for artificial smell and taste Ans : Esters
SUGAR
*Simplest sugar Ans : Glrcose *Constituents of sugar Ans : Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxgen *The first artificial Sugar Ans : Saccharine *Sweetest natural Sugar Ans : Fructose *Smell of pineapple Ans : Ethyl Butyrate *Smell of banana Ans : Isoamyl Acetate *Smell of Jasmine Ans : Benzyl Acetate *Smell of Orange Ans : Octyl Acetate *Smell of Apple Ans : Butyl Acetate *Smell of Strawberry Ans : Methyl Cinnamate *Smell of Grapes Ans : Methyl Anthranilate *Smell of honey Ans : Methyl Phenyl Acetate *Smell of Lemon Ans : Ethyl Formate *Constituents of sugar Ans : Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen *The first artificial sugar Ans : Saccharine *Sweetest natural sugar Ans : Fructose *The sugar which is 200 times sweeter than common table sugar Ans : Saccharine *The sugar which is 300 times sweeter than common table sugar Ans : Aspartame *The sugar which is 600 times sweeter than common table sugar Ans : Sucralose *Water-soluble protein used in the production of ice cream Ans : Gelatin *Molecular formula of Glucose Ans : C6 H12 O6 *Molecular formula of Fructose Ans : C6 H12 O6
*Common table sugar - Sucrose *Sugar in sugarcane - Sucrose *Sugar in blood - Glucose *Sugar in milk - Lactose *Sugar in fruits - Fructose *Sugar in barley - Maltose *Sugar in starch - Maltose
*The sugar which is used as the daily needs Ans : Sucrose *The sugar which is produced at the time of photosynthesis Ans : Sucrose *Examples of artificial sugar Ans : Saccharine and Aspartame *The sugar used by diabetes patient Ans : Aspartame
GLASS
*A super cooled liquid Ans : Glass *The substance having high elasticity Ans : Glass *The main ingredients of glass Ans : Sand, lime and soda ash *The substance which is added to glass to increase its hardness Ans : Borax
TWO TYPES OF GLASS
(1)Soft glass -> Sodium silicate Ans : Calcium silicate (2)Hard glass -> Potassium silicate Ans : Calcium silicate
GLASS
USES
*Soda lime glass - Mirror doors, mirror,bulbs, bottles, jar *Hard glass - Laboratory apparatus, kitchen wares, lenses, prisms *Soft glass - Kitchen utensils and factory equipments *Fibre glass - Industry insulator, helmets, in aeroplanes, boats *Safety glass - In vehicles, bullet proof screen *Flint glass - Lenses, Prisms, Electric bulb *Borosilicate - The equipments used at higher temperature
METAL COMPOUND/ION COLOUR
*Nickel salt Red *Cupric oxide Red *Cobalt ion Blue *Ferric ion Yellow *Cadmium Sulphide Yellow *Uranium Oxide Greenish *Chromium Green *Manganese dioxide Purple *Cryolite Milky *Antimony oxide White
■ USES OF ALLOYS
*Invar - Pendulum Clock *Nichrome - Heating elements *Duralumin - Aircraft parts, light tools Solder Magnets Engine parts *Soldering wire - Solder *Alnico - Magnets *Silumin - Engine parts *Phospher Bronze - Springs and suspension *German silver - Utensils *Magnalium - Troller,Steamer *Gun metal - Barrel of Gu *Nickel Steel - Crank shaft *Manganese - Railway track,Axle of tyres *Blue gold - Water *King of metals - Gold *King of poison - Arsenic *Metal of future - Titanium *Rainbow - MetalIridium *Little Silver - Platinum *White gold - Platinum *Quicksilver - Mercury *Chemical sun - Magnesium *Sun's son Marsh gas - Helium *Royal Liquid - Methane *Laughing gas - Nitrous oxide *Mineral oil - Petroleum *White tar - Naphthelene *Philosopher's wool - Zinc oxide *Chinese White - zinc Oxide *Wonder Metal - Titanium *Future fuel - Hydrogen *Wonder Drug - Aspirin *Main raw material of glass Ans : Silica *Glass is soluble in Ans : Hydrofluoric add *The glass known as water glass Ans : Sodium Silicate *Water glass is soluble in Ans : Water *The glass known as Pyrex Ans : Borosilicate glass
*Ozone - Christan Schonbein *Ozone layer - Charles Fabry,Henry Buisson *Nitric acid - Jabir Ibn Hayyan *Aquaregia - Jabir Ibn Hayyan *Cement - Joseph Aspdin *Carbon dioxide - Joseph Black *Deuterium - Harold urey *Isotope - Frederick Soddy *Electrolysis - Michael Faraday *Soda water - Joseph Priestly *Benzene gas - Michael Faraday *DDT - Paul Hermann Muller *BHC - Michael Faraday *Bleaching powder - Charles Tennant *Carbon dating - Frank Williard Libby *Allotropes of Hydrogen - Heisenberg *Super conductivity - Kamerlingh Onnes *Match Box - John Walker *Common name Chemical Name *Rock Salt - Sodium Chloride *Gypsum - Calcium Sulphate *Plaster of paris - Calcium Sulphate *Nitre/Saltpeter - Potassium Nitrate *Common salt - Sodium Chloride Sodium *Hypo - Sodium thiosulphate *Sodanitre - Sodium Nitrate *Chalk - Calcium Carbonate *Red lead - Triplumbic tetroxide *White Vitriol - Zinc Sulphate *Blue Vitriol - Copper Sulphate *Green Vitriol - Ferrous /Iron sulphate *Aspirin - Acetyl Salicylic acid *Caustic soda - Sodium Hydroxide *Calomel - Mercurous chloride *Salt cake - Sodium Sulphate *Quartz - Sodium dioxide *Calamine - Zinc carbonate *Epsom salt - Magnesium sulphate *Litharge - Lead monoxide *Chloroform - Trichloro methane *Glauber's salt - Sodium sulphate *Salammoniac - Ammonium chloride *Smelling salt - Ammonium carbonate *Silica - Silicon dioxide *Limestone - Calcium carbonate *Lunar caustic - Silver nitrate *Potash alum - Potassium aluminium sulphate *Pearl ash - Potassium carbonate *Quicklime - Calcium oxide *Liquor ammonia - Ammonium hydroxide *Carborundum - Silicon carbide *Gunpowder - Potassium nitrate *Talcum powder - Hydrated Magnesium silicate *Corundum - Aluminium oxide *Yellow cake - Uranium dioxide *Rust - Hydrated Iron oxide *Bauxite - Aluminium oxide *Dry ice - Solid carbondioxide *Chili saltpeter - Sodium Nitrate *Mohr's salt - Ferrous ammonium sulphide *Hydrolith - Calcium Hydride *Galena - Lead sulphide *BHC - Benzene Hexachloride *DDT - Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane
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